Boundless Teaching Platform: Customizable Textbooks & Intuitive Tools for Educators

1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. The Etruscans The Roman World Early Rome The Roman Republic The Roman Empire ] The Flavian Dynasty The Roman World Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Nerva-Antonine Dynasty The Roman World(continued) Christianity and the Late Roman Empire ] The Roman World Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. The Roman World > The Etruscans The Etruscans • The Origins of Etruria • Etruscan Artifacts • Etruscan Religion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/the-etruscans-30/

7. The Roman World > Early Rome Early Rome • The Founding of Rome • The Seven Kings • Early Roman Society Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/early-rome-31/

8. The Roman World > The Roman Republic The Roman Republic • The Establishment of the Roman Republic • Structure of the Republic • Roman Society Under the Republic • Art and Literature in the Roman Republic • Republican Wars and Conquest • Crises of the Republic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/the-roman-republic-32/

9. The Roman World > The Roman Empire The Roman Empire • Julius Caesar • Founding of the Roman Empire • The Pax Romana • The Julio-Claudian Emperors • The Last Julio-Claudian Emperors Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/the-roman-empire-33/

10. The Roman World > The Flavian Dynasty The Flavian Dynasty • The Flavian Dynasty • Military Achievements of the Flavians • Eruptions of Vesuvius and Pompeii • Flavian Architecture • Fall of the Flavian Emperors Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/the-flavian-dynasty-954/

11. The Roman World > Nerva-Antonine Dynasty Nerva-Antonine Dynasty • The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty • Military Successes of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty • Art and Culture Under the Nerva-Antonines Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/nerva-antonine-dynasty-326/

12. The Roman World > Christianity and the Late Roman Empire Christianity and the Late Roman Empire • Crises of the Roman Empire • Diocletian and the Tetrarchy • The Rise of Christianity • Constantine • The Shift East • The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-roman-world-5/christianity-and-the-late-roman-empire-34/

13. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. The Roman World Key terms • absolute monarchyA monarchical form of government in which the monarch has absolute poweramong his or her people. This amounts to unrestricted political power over asovereign state and its people. • AeneasA Trojan survivor of the Trojan War who, according to legend, journeyed to Italy and founded the bloodline that would eventually lead to the Julio-Claudian emperors. • ApolloOne of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities, variously recognized as a god of music, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light, plague, poetry, and more. • Ara Pacis AugustaeThe Altar of Augustan Peace, a sacrificial altar that displays imagery of the peace and prosperity Augustus achieved during the Pax Romana. • AugustusThe founder of the Roman Empire, known as Octavian during his early years and during his rise to power. • Battle of the Milvian BridgeA battle that took place between the Roman Emperors, Constantine I and Maxentius, on October 28, 312, and is often seen as the beginning of Constantine's conversion to Christianity. • Byzantine EmpireAlso referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the east during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when the empire's capital city was Constantinople. • ByzantiumAn ancient Greek colony on the site that later became Constantinople, and eventually Istanbul. • Chi-RhoOne of the earliest forms of christogram, which is used by some Christians, and was used by the Roman emperor, Constantine I (r. 306-337), as part of a military standard. • CiceroA Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, consul, and constitutionalist. • coloniA tenant farmer from the late Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages; sharecroppers. • ColosseumAlso known as the Flavian Amphitheater, an oval amphitheater in the center of the city of Rome, Italy, built of concrete and sand. The largest amphitheater ever built, used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. The Roman World • Crisis of the Third CenturyA period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. • Dacian WarsTwo military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Roman Emperor Trajan's rule. • damnatio memoriaeLatin for "condemnation of memory," a form of dishonor that could be passed by the Roman Senate on traitors or others who brought discredit to the Roman State; the intent was to erase the malefactor from history, a task somewhat easier in ancient times, when documentation was limited. • dictatorDuring Caesar's time, in the late Roman Republic, ruler for life. In the early Republic, by contrast, a dictator was a general appointed by the Senate, who served temporarily during a national emergency. • DiocletianRoman emperor from 284 to 305 CE. Established the tetrarchy and instituted economic and tax reforms to stabilize the Roman Empire. • Edict of MilanThe February 313 CE agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire, thereby ending years of persecution. • Edict of MilanAn agreement in 313 CE by Constantine and Licinius to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire. • Etrusca DisciplinaA corpusof texts that comprised the Etruscan scriptures, which essentially provided asystematic guide to divination. • EtruscanThe modern name given to a civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Latium. • Flavian AmphitheatreBetter known as the Colosseum, an oval amphitheater in the center of the city of Rome, Italy; used for gladiatorial games, among other activities. • Flavian dynastyA Roman imperial dynasty that ruled the RomanEmpire from 69 to 96 CE, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian and his two sons,Titus and Domitian. • Gracchi BrothersBrothers Tiberius and Gaius, Roman plebeian nobiles who both served as tribunes in the late 2nd century BCE. They attempted to pass land reform legislation that would redistribute the major patrician landholdings among the plebeians. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. The Roman World • HadrianRoman Emperor from 117 to 138 CE. Known for his grand building projects and his philhellenism. • Hadrian's VillaA large Roman archaeological complex at Tivoli, Italy, built by Emperor Hadrian and based on Greek architectural styles. • Hadrian's WallA defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in 122 CE during the reign of the emperor Hadrian. • interrexLiterally, this translates to mean a ruler thatpresides over the period between the rule of two separate kings; or, in otherwords, a short-term regent. • Julio-ClaudiandynastyThe first five Roman emperors who ruled theRoman Empire, including Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. • Julio-Claudian dynastyThe first five Roman emperors who ruled theRoman Empire, including Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. • Julius CaesarA Roman general, statesman, consul, and author, who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the RomanRepublic and the rise of the Roman Empire. • Limes GermanicusA line of frontier fortifications that bounded the ancient Roman provinces of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior and Raetia, dividing the Roman Empire and the unsubdued Germanic tribes, from the years 83 to about 260 CE. • Marcus AureliusRoman Emperor from 161 to 180 CE, as well as a notable Stoic philosopher. • Marcus Cocceius NervaSucceeded Domitian as emperor the same day as his assassination. Founded the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty. • Mark AntonyJulius Caesar's right hand man, and a member of the Second Triumvirate. He was eventually defeated by Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. • Migration PeriodAlso known as the period of the Barbarian Invasions, it was a period of intensified human migration in Europe from about 400 to 800 CE, during the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. The Roman World • OdoacerA soldier, who came to power in the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. His reign is commonly seen as marking the end of the Western Roman Empire. • oligarchicA form of power structure in which powereffectively rests with a small number of people. These people could bedistinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, ormilitary control. Such states are often controlled by a few prominent familieswho typically pass their influence from one generation to the next, butinheritance is not a necessary condition for the application of this term. • oligarchicA form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people. These people could be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, or military control. Such states are often controlled by a few prominent families who typically pass their influence from one generation to the next; however, inheritance is not a necessary condition for the application of this term. • patricianA group of elite families in ancient Rome. • patricianA group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. • patriciansAgroup of ruling class families in ancient Rome. • patriciansAgroup of ruling class families in ancient Rome. • patriciansAgroup of ruling class families in ancient Rome. • patriciansA group of ruling class families in ancientRome. • Pax RomanaThe long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Also sometimes known as the Pax Augusta. • Pax RomanaThe long period of relative peacefulness and minimal expansion by the Roman military force that was experienced by the Roman Empire after the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic, and before the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century. • philhellenismUsed to describe both non-Greeks, such as Romans, who were fond of Greek culture, and Greeks who patriotically upheld their culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. The Roman World • plebeianA general body of free Roman citizens who werepart of the lower strata of society. • plebeianA general body of free Roman citizens who werepart of the lower strata of society. • plebeianA general body of free Roman citizens who were part of the lower strata of society. • plebeiansAgeneral body of free Roman citizens who were part of the lower strata ofsociety. • plebeiansAgeneral body of free Roman citizens who were part of the lower strata ofsociety. • Pliny the YoungerA lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome who witnessed the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. • polytheismTheworship of, or belief in, multiple deities, usually assembled into a pantheon ofgods and goddesses, each with their own specific religions and rituals. • PompeiiAn ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples, in the Campania region of Italy, destroyed during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. • PompeyA military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, who represented the Roman Senate in a civil war against Julius Caesar. • Praetorian GuardA force of bodyguards used by Roman Emperors, who also served as secret police and participated in wars. • Praetorian GuardA force of bodyguards used by the Romanemperors. They also served as secret police, and participated in wars. • Praetorian GuardA force of bodyguards used by the Romanemperors. They also served as secret police and participated in wars. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

19. The Roman World • Punic WarsA series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, from 264 BCE to 146 BCE, that resulted in the complete destruction of Carthage. • pyroclastic surgeA fluidized mass of turbulent gas and rock fragments, ejected during some volcanic eruptions. • PyrrhusGreek general and statesman of the Hellenistic era. Later he became king of Epirus (r. 306-302, 297-272 BCE) and Macedon (r. 288-284, 273-272 BCE). He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome. Some of his battles, though successful, cost him heavy losses, from which the term "Pyrrhic victory" was coined. • Roman SenateA political institution in ancient Rome, and one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, established in the first days of the city. By the time of the Roman Empire,it had lost much of its political power as well as its prestige. • Roman SenateA political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. • RomeAn Italic civilization that began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BCE. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, and centered on one city, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world. • RomulusThe founder of Rome, and one of two twin sons of Rhea Silvia and Mars. • sarcophagiA box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, mostcommonly carved in stone and displayed above ground. • tax farmingAtechnique of financial management in which future, uncertain revenue streams arefixed into periodic rents via assignment by legal contract to a third party. • tetrarchyA form of government in which power is divided between four individuals. In ancient Rome, a system of government instituted by Diocletian that split power between two rulers in the east, and two rulers in the west. • the ForumA a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome, originally a large marketplace. • the Great PersecutionThe last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

20. The Roman World • theocracyA form of government in which a deity is officially recognized as the civil ruler, and official policy is governed by officials regarded as divinely guided, or is pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religion or religious group. • TorahThe central text of the religious Judaic tradition, often referring specifically to the first five books of the twenty-four books of the Tanakh. • TrajanRoman emperor from 98 CE until 117 CE. Officially declared by the Senate as optimus princeps, and known for his bold expansion of Roman borders. • veristic portraitureA hyper-realistic portrayal of the subject's facial characteristics; a common style of portraiture in the early to mid-Republic. • Year of the Four EmperorsA year in the history of the Roman Empire, 69 CE, in which four emperors ruled in succession: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

21. The Roman World Brutus and Lucretia The statue shows Brutus holding the knife and swearing the oath, with Lucretia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."N03Brutus-u-Lucretia.jpg."Public domainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:N03Brutus-u-Lucretia.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. The Roman World Vespasian A plaster cast of Vespasian in the Pushkin Museum, after an original held in the Louvre. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Vespasianus02_pushkin.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vespasianus02_pushkin.jpgView on Boundless.com

23. The Roman World Ring Lady The skeletal remains of a young woman killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. The skeleton, unearthed from the ruins of Herculaneum in 1982, was named the "Ring Lady" because of the emerald and ruby rings found on the woman's left hand. Two gold bracelets and gold earrings were also found by the woman's side. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ring_Lady.JPG."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ring_Lady.JPGView on Boundless.com

24. The Roman World Roman Empire in 69 CE The Roman Empire during the Year of the Four Emperors (69 CE). Purple areas indicate provinces loyal to Vespasian and Gaius Licinius Mucianus. Green areas indicate provinces loyal to Vitellius. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Roman_Empire_69.svg.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_69.svgView on Boundless.com

25. The Roman World Illustration depicting Diocletian's Palace (original appearance) Reconstruction of Diocletian's Palace in its original appearance, upon completion in 305 CE (viewed from the south-west). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Diocletian's Palace (original appearance)."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diocletian%27s_Palace_(original_appearance).jpgView on Boundless.com

26. The Roman World Siege of Jerusalem This relief from the Arch of Titus depicts Roman soldiers carrying treasures from the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah. The city was besieged and destroyed by Titus in 70 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."660px-Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.pngView on Boundless.com

27. The Roman World Pompeii's "Garden of the Fugitives" Plaster casts of victims still in situ; many casts are in the Archaeological Museum of Naples. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpgView on Boundless.com

28. The Roman World The Flavian Amphitheater The most enduring landmark of the Flavian Dynasty was the Flavian Amphitheater, better known as the Colosseum. Its construction was begun by Vespasian, and ultimately finished by Titus and Domitian, financed from the spoils of the destruction of the Second Jerusalem Temple. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Colosseum_in_Rome,_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg."CC BY-SA 2.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colosseum_in_Rome,_Italy_-_April_2007.jpgView on Boundless.com

29. The Roman World Hadrian's Wall Sections of Hadrian's Wall remain along the route, though much of it has been dismantled over the years, in order to use the stones for various nearby construction projects. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Hadrian's_wall_at_Greenhead_Lough.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hadrian%27s_wall_at_Greenhead_Lough.jpgView on Boundless.com

30. The Roman World The Roman Empire in 271 CE The divided Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."800px-Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg.png."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svgView on Boundless.com

31. The Roman World Zones of Influence in the Roman Tetrarchy This map shows the four zones of influence under Diocletian's tetrarchy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Tetrarchy Map."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tetrarchy_map3.jpgView on Boundless.com

32. The Roman World Bust of Pompey the Great The portraits of Pompey the Great were neither fully idealized, nor were they created in the same veristic style of Republican senators. This bust clearly shows the specific parting and curl of his hair that would have likened him to Alexander the Great. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Pompeius."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pompejus.JPGView on Boundless.com

33. The Roman World Bust of Cicero A mid-first century CE bust of Cicero, in the Capitoline Museums, Rome. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Cicero - Musei Capitolini."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero%23mediaviewer/File:Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPGView on Boundless.com

34. The Roman World Bust of Vespasian Vespasian founded the Flavian Dynasty, which ruled the Empire for twenty-seven years. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."440px-Vespasianus01_pushkin_edit.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vespasianus01_pushkin_edit.pngView on Boundless.com

35. The Roman World Tarquin and Lucretia Titian's Tarquin and Lucretia (1571). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Tizian_094.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tizian_094.jpgView on Boundless.com

36. The Roman World Nero A marble bust of Nero, at the Antiquarium of the Palatine. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Nero_Palatino_Inv618.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nero_Palatino_Inv618.jpgView on Boundless.com

37. The Roman World Romulus Augustus Resigns the Crown Charlotte Mary Yonge's 1880 artist rendition of Romulus Augustus resigning the crown to Odoacer. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Young Folks' History of Rome."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus420.pngView on Boundless.com

38. The Roman World Sarcophagus of the Spouses Sarcophagus of an Etruscan couple in the Louvre, Room 18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Paris_-_Louvre_-_Sarcophage.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_-_Louvre_-_Sarcophage.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. The Roman World Hannibal's Famous Crossing of the Alps Depiction of Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps during the Second Punic War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Depiction of Hannibal."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_Wars%23mediaviewer/File:Hannibal3.jpgView on Boundless.com

40. The Roman World Roman Conquest of the Italian Peninsula This map shows the expansion of Roman territory through the various wars fought during the Republican period. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Roman Conquest of Italy."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_conquest_of_Italy.PNGView on Boundless.com

41. The Roman World The Tellus Mater Panel of the Ara Pacis The eastern wall of the Ara Pacis, which depicts the Tellus Mater surrounded by symbols of fertility and prosperity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Ara Pacis Panel Tellus Mater."GNU FDLhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AraPacisReliefTellusMater.JPGView on Boundless.com

42. The Roman World Gaius Gracchus This 18th century drawing shows Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the plebeian council. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. The Roman World Bust of an Old Man Veristic portraiture of an Old Man. Verism refers to a hyper-realistic portrayal of the subject's facial characteristics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Old man Vatican."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_man_vatican_pushkin01.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. The Roman World Domitian Domitian as Emperor (Vatican Museums), possibly recut from a statue of Nero. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Domitian_statue_Vatican.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Domitian_statue_Vatican.pngView on Boundless.com

45. The Roman World Dacian Wars Fiery battle scene between the Roman and Dacian armies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."032_Conrad_Cichorius,_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianssäule,_Tafel_XXXII.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:032_Conrad_Cichorius,_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule,_Tafel_XXXII.jpgView on Boundless.com

46. The Roman World Hadrian's Villa The ruins of Hadrian's Villa in their present state. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."1024px-Hadrian_villa_ruins.JPG."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hadrian_villa_ruins.JPGView on Boundless.com

47. The Roman World Caligula Emperor Caligula, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."438px-Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpgView on Boundless.com

48. The Roman World Claudius Bust of Emperor Claudius. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."454px-Claudius_crop.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Claudius_crop.jpgView on Boundless.com

49. The Roman World Tiberius Tiberius, Romisch-Germanisches Museum, Cologne Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Tiberius,_Romisch-Germanisches_Museum,_Cologne_(8115606671).jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiberius,_Romisch-Germanisches_Museum,_Cologne_(8115606671).jpgView on Boundless.com

50. The Roman World Constantine Missorium depicting Constantine's son Constantius II, accompanied by a guardsman with the Chi Rho monogram depicted on his shield. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1280px-Missorium_Kerch.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge#/media/File:Missorium_Kerch.jpgView on Boundless.com