Understanding Stress and Coping Mechanisms

1. LO 11.2 According to Lazarus’ mediational model, the main factor that determines how stressful a particular event may become is: Secondary appraisal Primary appraisal Whether a stressor is an eustress or distress Exercise Good health

2. LO 11.2 According to Lazarus’ mediational model, the main factor that determines how stressful a particular event may become is: Secondary appraisal Primary appraisal (p. 407-408) Whether a stressor is an eustress or distress Exercise Good health

3. LO 11.2 Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal? • Viewing a loss of a job as a horrible experience that will be difficult to overcome • Studying for a difficult test in class and using it as a way to challenge one’s current level of knowledge • Looking at giving a public speech as an overwhelming experience • Believing that one has the emotional and problem solving skills to deal with solving communication problems with a significant other • Looking at losing weight as a challenge that can be used to increase physical health

4. LO 11.2 Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal? • Viewing a loss of a job as a horrible experience that will be difficult to overcome • Studying for a difficult test in class and using it as a way to challenge one’s current level of knowledge • Looking at giving a public speech as an overwhelming experience • Believing that one has the emotional and problem solving skills to deal with solving communication problems with a significant other (p. 408-409) • Looking at losing weight as a challenge that can be used to increase physical health

5. LO 11.3 Which of the following major life events is associated with the highest number of life change units on the SRRS? • Pregnancy • Death of a close family member • Death of a spouse • Divorce • Jail term

6. LO 11.3 Which of the following major life events is associated with the highest number of life change units on the SRRS? • Pregnancy • Death of a close family member • Death of a spouse (p. 410) • Divorce • Jail term

7. LO 11.3 A score of 225 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale suggests: • 33% increase in illness or accident • 50% increase in illness or accident • 80% increase in illness or accident • No increase in illness or accident • Very small chance of developing depression

8. LO 11.3 A score of 225 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale suggests: • 33% increase in illness or accident • 50% increase in illness or accident (p. 410) • 80% increase in illness or accident • No increase in illness or accident • Very small chance of developing depression

9. LO 11.4 An example of an internal frustration would be: • A shy personality that prevents a person from completing the oral defense for their dissertation • A barrier in the road that blocks traffic from passing through on a major highway • A boss at work that is consistently placing time pressure on his employees • A parent who prevents a child from going out with his friends • A relative who does not pay back a debt and prevents a person from buying a much needed new car

10. LO 11.4 An example of an internal frustration would be: • A shy personality that prevents a person from completing the oral defense for their dissertation (p. 414-415) • A barrier in the road that blocks traffic from passing through on a major highway • A boss at work that is consistently placing time pressure on his employees • A parent who prevents a child from going out with his friends • A relative who does not pay back a debt and prevents a person from buying a much needed new car

11. LO 11.5 All of the following are signs associated with suicide EXCEPT: • Anhedonia • Feeling hopeless • Excessive need for attention seeking • Irritability • Changes in diet

12. LO 11.5 All of the following are signs associated with suicide EXCEPT: • Anhedonia • Feeling hopeless • Excessive need for attention seeking (p. 416-417) • Irritability • Changes in diet

13. LO 11.6 A choice between staying at one’s current apartment and paying higher rent or enduring the costs associated with moving is an example of what type of conflict? • Approach-approach • Approach-avoidance • Avoidant-avoidance • Double approach avoidance • Multiple approach avoidance

14. LO 11.6 A choice between staying at one’s current apartment and paying higher rent or enduring the costs associated with moving is an example of what type of conflict? • Approach-approach • Approach-avoidance (p. 418) • Avoidant-avoidance • Double approach avoidance • Multiple approach avoidance

15. LO 11.7 During the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens in terms of stress resistance? • Stress resistance increases relative to the end of the alarm stage. • Stress resistance decreases relative to the end of the alarm stage. • Stress resistance stays relatively constant in comparison to the end of the alarm stage. • Stress resistance is lower than in the exhaustion stage. • Stress resistance remains the same between the resistance and exhaustion stages.

16. LO 11.7 During the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens in terms of stress resistance? • Stress resistance increases relative to the end of the alarm stage. • Stress resistance decreases relative to the end of the alarm stage. • Stress resistance stays relatively constant in comparison to the end of the alarm stage. (p. 420-421) • Stress resistance is lower than in the exhaustion stage. • Stress resistance remains the same between the resistance and exhaustion stages.

17. LO 11.8 People who experience chronic levels of stress are more susceptible to cancer because: • Stress decreases the number of natural killer cells in the body. • Liver function is suppressed and causes increases in fat and cholesterol. • Increases in glucose secretion occur during stress. • Digestive processes are halted during stress. • Blood clotting increases during stress.

18. LO 11.8 People who experience chronic levels of stress are more susceptible to cancer because: • Stress decreases the number of natural killer cells in the body. (p. 421-422) • Liver function is suppressed and causes increases in fat and cholesterol. • Increases in glucose secretion occur during stress. • Digestive processes are halted during stress. • Blood clotting increases during stress.

19. LO 11.9 The key factor in the type A personality that makes a person more susceptible to heart disease is: • Competition • Ambition • Hostility • Fast pace • Upset easily

20. LO 11.9 The key factor in the type A personality that makes a person more susceptible to heart disease is: • Competition • Ambition • Hostility (p. 424) • Fast pace • Upset easily

21. LO 11.11 Which of the following is an example of emotion-focused coping? • Studying more after receiving a bad grade on a psychology exam • Venting to friends after receiving a bad grade on a psychology exam • Planning out more efficient ways of studying to do better on the next exam • A student asking a professor what answers they got wrong on the exam • Seeking a tutor for extra help in psychology

22. LO 11.11 Which of the following is an example of emotion-focused coping? • Studying more after receiving a bad grade on a psychology exam • Venting to friends after receiving a bad grade on a psychology exam (p. 431) • Planning out more efficient ways of studying to do better on the next exam • A student asking a professor what answers they got wrong on the exam • Seeking a tutor for extra help in psychology

23. LO 11.12 A student who is secretly obsessed with pornography starts up an anti-pornography campaign at his college. This is an example of what Freudian defense mechanism? • Displacement • Projection • Reaction formation • Identification • Compensation

24. LO 11.12 A student who is secretly obsessed with pornography starts up an anti-pornography campaign at his college. This is an example of what Freudian defense mechanism? • Displacement • Projection • Reaction formation (p. 433) • Identification • Compensation

25. LO 11.13 The major difference between concentrative and receptive meditation is: • Only concentrative meditation helps to alleviate the emotional consequences of stress. • Only receptive meditation helps people get to sleep. • Only receptive meditation helps to alleviate the physiological consequences of stress. • A person is focused inward with concentrative meditation, but outward with receptive meditation. • To be equally effective, a person must engage in double the amount of receptive meditation than concentrative meditation.

26. LO 11.13 The major difference between concentrative and receptive meditation is: • Only concentrative meditation helps to alleviate the emotional consequences of stress. • Only receptive meditation helps people get to sleep. • Only receptive meditation helps to alleviate the physiological consequences of stress. • A person is focused inward with concentrative meditation, but outward with receptive meditation. (p. 432-434) • To be equally effective, a person must engage in double the amount of receptive meditation than concentrative meditation.

27. LO 11.14 Isabel has just moved from Latin America to the United States. In dealing with the transition, she decides to give up her Latin American cultural identity and become completely Americanized. This is an example of: • Integration • Separation • Assimilation • Marginalization • Acculturative stress

28. LO 11.14 Isabel has just moved from Latin America to the United States. In dealing with the transition, she decides to give up her Latin American cultural identity and become completely Americanized. This is an example of: • Integration • Separation • Assimilation (p. 429) • Marginalization • Acculturative stress

29. LO 11.15 All of the following are reasons why religion may have a positive effect on coping with stress EXCEPT: • Provides a source of social support • Often encourages healthy behavior • Provides meaning to even horrible events • Often makes decisions for an individual through acceptable guidelines of behavior • Helps people be more accepting of their weaknesses

30. LO 11.15 All of the following are reasons why religion may have a positive effect on coping with stress EXCEPT: • Provides a source of social support • Often encourages healthy behavior • Provides meaning to even horrible events • Often makes decisions for an individual through acceptable guidelines of behavior (p. 435) • Helps people be more accepting of their weaknesses