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Learn about the concept of homeostasis and how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain it. Explore the functions and parts of the nervous system. Understand the similarities and differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
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Today you will: review science skills (variables, graphing) define homeostasis and give examples compare the nervous system and the endocrine system look at parts of the nervous system
Unit 1 - Systems Regulating Change in Human Organisms Homeostasis - is the process by which a constant internal environment is maintained despite changes in the external environment. This is crucial for life to exist. The following diagram shows a homeostatic control system. monitor Coordinating centre Normal Range monitor Regulator Adjustment
By working together, the nervous and endocrine systems help us react to changes in the internal and external environment and maintain homeostasis. Nervous System Endocrine System Release electric impulses Releases chemical messengers (hormones) Highly organized Scattered glands with no anatomical connections Systems built for speed; Generally slower actions with some Swift reactions to a stimulus exceptions; have more prolonged that is short lasting effects Enables continual rapid Regulates activities which require Adjustments to environmental more sustained adaptation to change change (ex., growth , sexual maturation) Compare to messages being sent Compare to messages being sent by telephone wire. by a mailing system.
These two systems co-ordinate activities: 1) The nervous system can stimulate/inhibit secretions of different cells. 2) Hormones can stimulate/inhibit the flow of nerve impulses.
The Nervous System Activities of the Nervous System a)Reception: of stimuli and conduction to the central nervous system (CNS) b) Interpretation: of impulses sent to CNS followed by decisions made in the light of remembered information c) Sorting : of impuses and setting priorities for action upon them ex., insignificant - ignored sifnificant - acted upon d) Transmission : of the impulses to the motor units which carry out appropriate actions; impulses are messages sent along neurons
Parts of the Nervous System a) Central Nervous System (CNS) - brain and spinal cord - coordinates, directs activities of the body
b) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Nerves (outside the brain and spinal cord) - Information carried from sensory and internal organs (ex., eye, ear, nose, ect.) - Carry impulses to create reactions by the muscles and glands - Includes the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS)
Autonomic Nervous System - involuntary - controls the parts that act without our thinking about them (ex., stomach, intestines, glands) - prepares the body for emergencies and returns them to normal after, its effects are exactly like adrenaline secretion from the adrenal medulla (sympathetic/parasympathetic) Somatic Nervous System - voluntary - controls skeletal muscles, bones, skin
These are a Few of My Homeostatic Things My heartbeat is racing My breathing is heavy Cold Clammy hands And peristalsis ceases My pupils are dilated My stomach’s in knots These are a few of my sympathetic things! Glucose is flowing My legs are like noodles Alarm bells, school bells Feeling tensile and nervous I feel I can fly with a moon on my wings These are a few of my sympathetic things! Dogs with long nails make for deep crimson gashes Moisture dries up in my throat and eyelashes Jumping the fence with a high bounding spring These are a few of my sympathetic things! When the dog bites When the bee stings When I’m feeling mad I simply remember my homeostatic things and then I don’t do so bad. I empty my bladder My pupil constrictions Adrenaline settles As do my blood flow restrictions Kidney’s begin function As calmness begins These are a few of my parasymp things! Pink colored blushes Normal breathing gurgles Alarm bells, school bells I attract restful oogles I don’t feel like flying with a moon on my wings. These are a few of my parasymp things! The danger now passes with low glucose gushes Moisture wells up in my throat and eyelashes Jumping the fence is not my new thing These are a few of my parasymp things!
Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic nerves Autonomic nerves Brain Spinal cord sensory motor symptheticparasympathetic
Quick Review 1. Which statement is the best description of negative feedback? a) A series of receptors that respond to changes in the internal environment of the body by inhibiting the release of hormones. b) A control system that prevents imbalances in the body by compensating for any changes with a new change in the opposite direction. c) A mechanism that responds to changes in the internal and external environments of hte body by stimulating the release of hormones. d) A biological system that prevents the body from responding to changes in the external environment, releasing hormones, or using nerves to shut down organs. 2. How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? How are they different? 3. Differentiate between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.