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Global warming: What is the controversy?. http://www.junkscience.com/GMT/index.htm. Interesting NPR story on recently rejected coal power plant in Kansas http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15546026. http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/components2.gif.
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Global warming: What is the controversy? http://www.junkscience.com/GMT/index.htm Interesting NPR story on recently rejected coal power plant in Kansas http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15546026
http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/components2.gifhttp://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/components2.gif
Spectrum of Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface H&K fig 6.2 Absorption bands due to gasses like CO2, H2O, CH4 etc. These are the so-called green-house gasses. O3 In the stratosphere
Absorption by the Atmosphere http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atmospheric_Transmission.png
These number differ slightly From those in your text http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas
Carbon Cycle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle
Sediments and sedimentary Rocks could account for another 6x107 Petagrams! (www.physicalgeography.net/9r.html) http://www.whrc.org/carbon/ (Woods Hole Research Center)
H&K Fig. 9.6:Feedback(positiveand Negative) “Butterfly effect” in complex systems
Note that total temperature change across several ice ages was only about 12oC or about 22oF. CO2 Concentrations and Temperature Change
Another way to look at it: These doctors say yes the warming is there, but claim that there is no evidence that the warming is anthropogenic. Why might you be skeptical of this article? Robinson et al. J. Phys. Surg. 12, 79-90 (2007)
10 ppm ozone at ~ 50 km compared to 40 ppb ozone in the troposphere! http://www.mardiros.net/atmosphere/atmosphere_structure.html
Ozone levels at Halley Bay station (Antarctica) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html
TOMS Satellite movie(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/anim_toms.html
TOMS Satellite movie(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html
Carbon Cycle http://www.bigelow.org/foodweb/carbon_cycle.jpg
Exam II Review • 115 points again (translated to 100 for course total) • 23 questions • 5 or so are numeric. Bring a calculator! • Covers Solar Energy through global warming and biofuels. • Chapters 6, 17, 7, 8, 9 (thru 9.B). • Cover sheet is up on ONCOURSE (blue font identifies additions since the first exam). • OFFICE HOURS: T 11:00-12:00, 1:00-2:30; W 2:45 to 3:45, Thurs 8:00 to 9:00
Solar Energy • Active/passive systems: basics of design • Direct, indirect, diffuse • Basic system design (components, features) • Solar constant and insolation • Flat panel vs. focusing systems • How much energy is available • Advantages/disadvantages
Fossil Fuels • Resources vs. reserves (proven, inferred…) • Attractive features vs. problems associated with them. • Exploration, refining, production,… • Natural gas: what is it? Where is it? • Alternative sources: oil sands/shale, clathrates, etc. • Coal: Impurities, types • Societal use, sector use • Physical differences between grades
Biomass • What is it? • Landfill design • Sources of various types (ethanol, biogas, methanol, municipal waste) • Anaerobic digestion (input and output) • Energy/carbon balance • Wood • Societal distribution • Advantages/disadvantages
Air Pollution • Pascal’s and Archemedes’ principles • What is pollution (sources, types, regulations) • Effects of CO, SOx, NOx, VOC, TSP, O3 • Interactions between various types (SMOG) • Acid rain (sources, consequences) • Emission controls: • Precipitators/collectors vs. scrubbers for power plants • PCV, EGR valves, catalytic converters etc. for cars • Profiles for various sources (power plants vs. cars, coal vs. natural gas etc.) and societies.
Climate Change • What is the greenhouse effect? • What are some common green house gases? • Where is the carbon and how much gets exchanged per year? • Why do we not have a definitive answer about how hot we will get? • Behaviour of complex systems (tipping points etc.)