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Business in the Global Economy

3. Business in the Global Economy. 3-1 International Business Basics 3-2 The Global Marketplace 3-3 International Business Organizations. LESSON 3-1 International Business Basics. Goals Describe importing and exporting activities. Compare balance of trade and balance of payments.

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Business in the Global Economy

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  1. 3 Business in the Global Economy 3-1 International Business Basics 3-2 The Global Marketplace 3-3 International Business Organizations

  2. LESSON 3-1International Business Basics Goals • Describe importing and exporting activities. • Compare balance of trade and balance of payments. • List factors that affect the value of global currencies. Chapter 3

  3. Key Terms • balance of payments • balance of trade • exchange rate • exports • imports Chapter 3

  4. TRADING AMONG NATIONS • Absolute advantage • Comparative advantage • Importing • Exporting Chapter 3

  5. IMPORTING Chapter 3

  6. MEASURING TRADE RELATIONS • Balance of trade • Balance of payments Chapter 3

  7. U.S. TRADE BALANCES Chapter 3

  8. BALANCE OF TRADE Chapter 3

  9. >> C H E C K P O I N T How does balance of trade differ from balance of payments? Chapter 3

  10. INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY • Foreign exchange rates • Factors affecting currency values • Three main factors affect currency • Balance of payments • Economic conditions • Political disability Chapter 3

  11. RECENT VALUES OF CURRENCIES Chapter 3

  12. >> C H E C K P O I N T What factors affect the value of a country’s currency? Chapter 3

  13. LESSON 3-2The Global Marketplace Goals • Describe the components of the international business environment. • Identify examples of formal trade barriers. • Explain actions to encourage international trade. Chapter 3

  14. Key Terms • infrastructure • trade barrier • quota • tariff • embargo Chapter 3

  15. THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Geography • Cultural influences • Economic development • Literacy level • Technology • Agricultural dependency • Political and legal concerns Chapter 3

  16. GEOGRAPHY • location • climate • terrain • waterways • natural resources • ECONOMICS • technology • education • inflation • exchange rate • infrastructure THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • CULTURE • language • family • religion • customs • traditions • food • POLITICAL–LEGAL • FACTORS • government system • political stability • trade barriers Chapter 3

  17. >> C H E C K P O I N T List the four main elements of the international business environment. Chapter 3

  18. INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS • Quotas • Tariffs • Embargoes Chapter 3

  19. QUOTAS Reasons for quotas • To keep supply low and prices the same • To express displeasure at the policies of the importing country • To protect one of a country’s industries from too much competition form abroad Chapter 3

  20. TARIFFS Reasons for tariffs • To set amount per pound, gallon, or other unit • To set the value of a good Chapter 3

  21. EMBARGOES Reasons for embargoes • To protect a country’s industries from international competition more than the quota or tariff will achieve • To prevent sensitive products from falling into the hands of unfriendly groups or nations Chapter 3

  22. >> C H E C K P O I N T What are three formal trade barriers? Chapter 3

  23. ENCOURAGING INTERNATIONAL TRADE • Free-trade zones • Free-trade agreements • Common markets Chapter 3

  24. FREE-TRADE ZONES • Used to promote international business in a selected area where products can be imported duty-free and then stored, assembled, and/or used in manufacturing • Usually located around a seaport of airport Chapter 3

  25. FREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS • Member countries agree to remove duties and trade barriers on products traded among them • Results in increased trade between members Chapter 3

  26. COMMON MARKETS • Allows companies to invest freely in each member’s country • Allows workers to move freely across borders • Examples • European Union (EU) • Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) Chapter 3

  27. >> C H E C K P O I N T What actions could be taken to encourage international trade? Chapter 3

  28. LESSON 3-3International Business Organizations Goals • Discuss activities of multinational organizations. • Explain common international business entry modes. • Describe activities of international trade organizations and agencies. Chapter 3

  29. Key Terms • multinational company (MNC) • joint venture Chapter 3

  30. MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES (MNC) • MNC strategies • MNC benefits • Drawbacks of multinational companies Chapter 3

  31. MNC STRATEGIES • Global strategy • Multinational strategy Chapter 3

  32. MNC BENEFITS • Large amount of goods available • Lower prices • Career opportunities • Foster understanding, communication, and respect • Friendly international relations Chapter 3

  33. DRAWBACKS OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES • Economic power • Worker dependence on the MNC • Consumer dependence • Political power Chapter 3

  34. >> C H E C K P O I N T What are two strategies commonly used by multinational companies? Chapter 3

  35. GLOBAL MARKET ENTRY MODES • Licensing • Franchising • Joint venture Chapter 3

  36. LICENSING • Allows companies to produce items in other countries without being actively involved • Has a low financial investment, so the potential financial return for the company is often low • The risk for the company is low Chapter 3

  37. FRANCHISING • Allows organizations to enter into contracts with people in other countries to set up a business that looks and runs like the parent company • Marketing elements, such as food products, packaging, and advertising must meet both cultural sensitivities and legal requirements • Commonly involves selling a product or service Chapter 3

  38. JOINT VENTURE • Allows two or more companies to share raw materials, shipping facilities, management activities, or production activities • Concerns include the sharing of profits and not as much control since several companies are involved • Very popular for manufacturing, such as Japanese and U.S. automobile manufacturers Chapter 3

  39. >> C H E C K P O I N T How does licensing differ from a franchise? Chapter 3

  40. INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATIONS • World Trade Organization • International Monetary Fund • World Bank Chapter 3

  41. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) WTO Goals • Lowering tariffs that discourage free trade • Eliminating import quotas • Reducing barriers for banks, insurance companies, and other financial services • Assisting poor countries with economic growth Chapter 3

  42. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) • Helps to promote economic cooperation • Maintains an orderly system of world trade and exchange rates • Includes over 150 member nations Chapter 3

  43. WORLD BANK • Created in 1944 to provide loans for rebuilding after World War II • Today the World Bank has over 180 member countries and two main divisions • International Development Association (IDA), which makes loans to help developing countries • International Finance Corporation (IFC), which provides technical capital and technical help to private businesses in nations with limited resources Chapter 3

  44. >> C H E C K P O I N T How does the International Monetary Fund assist countries? Chapter 3

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