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The Research Question

The Research Question. Does an Increase in Opioid Dose lead to an Increase in Depression? Scherrer JF, Salas J, Lustman PJ, Burge S, Schneider FD, for the Residency Research Network of Texas Investigators. Pain. 2015;156:348-355

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The Research Question

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  1. The Research Question Does an Increase in Opioid Dose lead to an Increase in Depression? Scherrer JF, Salas J, Lustman PJ, Burge S, Schneider FD, for the Residency Research Network of Texas Investigators. Pain. 2015;156:348-355 • Over a 2 year follow-up, do chronic pain patients who increase opioid analgesic use to >50mg morphine equivalent dose (MED) have a greater probability of depression over time? • Why this is important? • Depression is associated with greater pain sensitivity 1 • Depression is known to contribute to opioid use and misuse 2 • One study reported that longer use of opioids increased depression risk3 • More knowledge of temporal associations of opioids and depression may inform pain management 1. Fishbain et al Clin J Pain 1997, 2. Sullivan et al. Arch Intern Med 2006 3. Scherrer et a. JGIM 2014

  2. What the Researchers Did • Eligible patients: non-cancer chronic low back pain patients who used family medicine clinics in the Residency Research Network of Texas (RRNeT) • Prospective cohort recruited from clinic patients • Baseline (2008-2009), n=362; • Wave 2: 12 month follow-up, n=337 • Wave 3: 24 month follow-up, n=199 • Opioid data from chart abstraction • Depression from survey using PHQ-2 • Statistical testing of change in dose and change in depression over time

  3. What the Researchers Found • Compared to no use, increasing opioid use to >50mg MED per day was associated with more than a 2-fold (OR=2.65; 95%CI: 1.17-5.98) increase in probability of depression over time • An increase to 1-50 mg MED was not significantly associated with an increased probability of depression (OR=1.08; 95%CI: 0.65-1.79) • (Adjusted for pain severity, pain duration, health related quality of life, # of comorbidities, anxiety, obesity and social support/social stress)

  4. What This Means for Clinical Practice • Providers and patients should consider examining the dose of opioids being used when chronic pain patients report depression and discuss risks before increasing dose • Routine screening for depression among opioid using patients may detect depression at an early stage

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