SPAIN-ESPAÑA

1. SPAIN-ESPAÑA

2. WHAT IS SPAIN? • TERRITORY: same sufarce aprox than Florida (only different shape) • POPULATION: 45 million in habitants (out of which 5 million inmigrants) . Florida: 18 million in habitants

3. SPACE &TIMEWHERE is and HOW OLD is Spain?

4. HISTORY • B.C. for 7 centuries: HISPANIA was a province of the ROMAN EMPIRE • 5th cent ->VISIGOTHS: 1st attempt to unite the peninsula • 7th cent -> AL-ANDALUS: independent moslem state. • 10th -13th cent ->Co-existence of different cultures and religions: islam, christianism, and judaism (eg.Toledo). RECONQUEST: expassion of the christian kingdoms. 15thth cent. the Moslem presence reduced to the kingdom of Granada.

5. 1492 2 major events in Spanish History: • CONQUEST OF GRANADA: The CATHOLIC KING AND QUEEN: unity of the peninsula, created a permanent state served by civil servants and diplomats with a concept of unity. Spain was one of the first modern states in Europe. • DISCOVERY OF AMERICA by Christopher Columbus under Spanish command.

6. 16th and 17th cent HASBURG DINASTY • Emperor Charles V: greatest achievement to maintain control over such vast territories in Europe, America and Asia. • Philippe II:“There is no sunset over my territories” • 1513: PONCE DE LEON: discovered FLORIDA. Spanish territory until 1821. (Spain rulled Florida for 288 years, the US have rulled over Florida only for 187 years). • 1519-22: ELCANO, 1st voyage around the globe.

7. Spanish Empire

8. FLORIDA AND SPAIN • 1513: PONCE DE LEON: discovered FLORIDA. Spanish territory until 1821. (Spain rulled Florida for 288 years, the US have rulled over Florida only for 187 years). • 1559: TRISTAN DE LUNA, founded Pensacola. 1st european settlement on current US territory • 1565: PEDRO MENENDEZ DE AVILES, founded San Agustín. 1st permanent european settlement on current US territory. 1st church, 1 school, 1st prison, 1st register ever in the US, was founded by Spaniards in St.Agustin. Spaniards and local indians shared food and drinks. This was the 1st THANKSGIVING ever celebrated in the US (55 years before the English pilgrims celebrated Thanksgiving in Plymouth, Massachusets)

9. 18th century • 18th century: BOURBONS (Philippe V): , Entlightment, influence of the ideas of French Revolution (1789) • SPAIN´S CONTRIBUTION TO THE US INDEPENDENCE: -Spain rulled over Florida for 288 years until 1821. During this nearly 3 centuries Spain only lost Florida to the Bristish for 20 years (1763-1783). -In 1781 BERNARDO DE GALVEZ (Galvestone) Spanish governor of New Orleans fought the British, captured Pensacola, got back Florida and Menorca. Spain financed George Washington´s army. All this support was crucial for the British surrender and Washington´s victory. “I ALONE”

10. 19th century • 19th century: Spain joins continental blockade against Great Britain imposed by Napoleon->Napoleonicinvasion: war of independence. • 1812: 1st Spanish constitution: sovereignty of the people + division of powers+equality in taxation and access to public office-> Spread to Latinamerica. American independences. 9 constitutions and 3 civil wars during the 19th century. • 1st Republic: 9 months • 1898: lost of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

11. 20th century • Primo de Rivera dictatorship – World War I • 2nd Republic: 5 years • 1936-1939: CIVIL WAR • World War II • FRANCO DICTATORSHIP: 40 years

12. KING JUAN CARLOS I SOCIAL AND DEMOCRATIC STATE UNDER THE RULE OF LAW LONGEST PERIOD OF PROSPERITY IN SPANISH HISTORY: Spain is the world´s 8th economy 17 AUTONOMOUS REGIONS, 55 provinces, and 8.000 municipalities CONSTITUTION OF 1978

13. KING-Head of State (commander in chief, diplomacy, sanctions laws, …) PRESIDENT-Head of Government PARLIAMENT (Congress and Senate)-leader of the most voted party in Congress is the President PRESIDENT- Head of State and Head of Government PRESIDENT-elected separately fron Congress and Senate elections. CONGRESS AND SENATE-majority can be of another party than that of the President. SPAIN-US(Parliamentary-Presindential)

14. 20th century and 21st century • 1981: coup d´Etat • 1982: NATO, divorce, abortion • 1985: EEC • 1999: € (2002) • 2005: same-sex marriage, • 2007: equility law (50% women in party election lists, women CEO in companies), 1st government 50% men and women. • Foreign Policy: EUROPE, LATINAMERICA, MEDITERRANEAN (Arab world)

15. Some names and data… • JAVIER BARDEM-Best actor Oscar 2008 • PENELOPE CRUZ-Best supporting Oscar 2009 • PAU GASSOL- Los Angeles Lakers • RAFAEL NADAL- # 1 Tennis ATP player • 2008 European Soccer Champion • ENRIQUE IGLESIAS, DAVID BISBAL, ALEJANDRO SANZ…. • PEDRO ALONSO: 1st vaccin against malaria • Europe´s Largest eolic station is in Spain (Tarifa)…. • MADRID 2016 OLIMPIC GAMES • SPAIN EU PRESIDENCY 1ST SEMESTER 2010

16. EU • After WW II: Robert Schumann, coal and steel (key industrial sectors), common interest, tools for peace and reconciliation. • 6 founding Member States: FR, GER, IT, NETH, LUX, BEL • 1957: TREATY OF ROME: EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY: free trade… • 1986: COMMON MARKET: No borders, free trade of goods, services, persons and capitals • 1992:MAASTRICHT TREATY: EEC-> EU (Political Union)

17. €- The EURO • 1999-2009: 10 years of circulation in 16 of 27 Member States • Common currency makes easier for people and companies to do business in the EU • Stable benchmark for other other countries • Now there are more € tha US$ in circulation • € is stronger than US$-> 1€=1.30 US$

18. The euro – a single currency for Europeans Can be used everywhere in the euro area 4Coins:one side with national symbols, one side common 4Notes:no national side EU countries using the euroEU countries not using the euro

19. European Parliament The EU institutions European Council (summit) Council of Ministers (Council of the EU) European Commission Court of Justice Court of Auditors Economic and Social Committee Committee of the Regions European Investment Bank European Central Bank Agencies

20. EU institutions • EU PARLIAMENT =voice of citizens, only directly elected body in the EU. The World´s largest multinational directly elected parliament • EU COMMISSION =EU executive branch, represents the europeaninterest, manages and implements EU policies and budgets • COUNCIL OF THE EU (Council of Ministers)= represents the interest of the Governments of each Member States, is the key decision-maker body, adopts EU laws proposed by EU Commission and Parliament. • EU COURT OF JUSTICE= ensures EU law is interpreted and applied uniformaly throughout the EU.

21. Eight enlargements 1952 1973 1986 1981 1990 1995 2004 2007

22. TREATY OF LISBONE The Lisbon treaty - taking Europe into the 21st century The Treaty will make the European Union: More efficient Simpler processes, full-time president for the Council, etc. More democratic Stronger role for the European Parliament and national parliaments, "Citizens initiative", Charter of Fundamental Rights, etc. More transparent Clarifies who does what, greater public access to documents and meetings, etc. More united on High Representative for Foreign Policy, etc. the world stage More secure New possibilities to fight climate change and terrorism, secure energy supplies, etc. Signed in December 2007 – enter into force when ratified by all 27 EU countries.

23. EU &US: STRONG LONGTERM PARTNERSHIP • Meet annualy (alternating EU and US) • Partners in international affairs (shared values: democracy, freedom) • Partners in trade in international economy (world´s largest economic relation: 14 million jobs US$/annualy, 50:50) • Partners against terrorism • Partners confronting energy and enviromental challenges-> EU: 2020, 20% renewal energies. • STUDY ABROAD, COME TO EUROPE!

24. GRACIAS Nos vemos en ESPAÑA