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Human-Computer Interaction and Java

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics. Human-Computer Interaction and Java. Graphical User Interface Building Aleksandar Kartelj kartelj@math.rs. Outline. Introduction Functional models for GUI, UML… GUI Design (Java) Implementation details Clients and technologies

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Human-Computer Interaction and Java

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  1. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics Human-Computer Interaction and Java Graphical User Interface Building AleksandarKartelj kartelj@math.rs

  2. Outline • Introduction • Functional models for GUI, UML… • GUI Design (Java) • Implementation details • Clients and technologies • Concluding remarks

  3. Resources • Kraemer, Elieen, A Java-based Course in Human-Computer Interaction, PDPTA, 2000. • Lazar, Johathan, Jinjuan Heidi Feng, and Harry Hochheiser, Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction, Wiley.com, 2010. • Marinilli, Mauro et al., Professional Java User Interfaces, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. • Weaver, James et al., Pro JavaFX 2: A Definitive Guide to Rich Clients with Java Technology, Apress, 2012. • Programming Paradigms Course, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade.

  4. Introduction • 1980s shifts in visual technology: • raster graphics, • specialized graphic memories, processors • I/O devices • But, GUI design issues remained: • User happiness • Effectiveness • Complexity • …

  5. Design perspective • User-centric vs development-centric design • Focusing on human details is critical: • Perception • Memory • Learning capabilities • Central issues: • User • Task

  6. Functional models

  7. Standard abstract UI model

  8. Layers

  9. Team

  10. Early design phase • UML use case diagrams • Typical (happy path) scenario analysis

  11. Lifecycle approaches • Rational Unified Process (RUP) • User experience (UX) storyboards: enriching use cases with GUI design info • Extreme programming and agile approaches • Evolutionary prototyping

  12. GRAPHICAL User interface design

  13. Skipping theoretical parts • Short term memory and cognitive modelling • System response time and user • Compromising between human control and automation • Presenting the user with internal state of application

  14. User-centered design Single rule: “Know the user.”

  15. GUI example

  16. Component costs

  17. Design guidelines

  18. Iterative development • Prototyping • Refactoring • User interface testing • Software testing • Usability testing • Profiling

  19. Prototyping

  20. Design patterns inside Java GUI Implementation details

  21. Java GUI underlying patterns

  22. Separating Presentation • Elements that need to be separated: • Look and Feel (how the components are drawn) • Some interaction styles (one or two clicks) • Fonts • Color and themes • Provided by Swing by pluggable look and feel • SWT and AWT enforce certain modularization • JavaFX uses separate FXML source files

  23. Data Transfer Object (Data I/O) • Holds business data in transactions between service providers and clients • Single method to send and receive DTO • Decreases bandwidth • Simplifies communication • Usually contains only necessary information

  24. Observer Pattern (Control) • Event-based communication • Publish and subscribe mechanism

  25. Form-based, web-based, mobile clients CLIENTS AND Technologies

  26. Form-based rich clients (1) • Microsoft technologies (Window Forms), Flash (Flex), Java based,… • Java differences: • Full object-oriented approach • Multi-platform execution • Highly collaborative community • JRE • SWT sacrifices a part of portability for performances

  27. Form-based rich clients (2) • Usual strategy: • Content first • Data second (simulate moving back and forth) • Plain Old Java Object (POJO) object • Commands third • AWT • Swing • SWT • JavaFX

  28. Web-based clients (1) • Web environment • Client display size, connection types, different browsers • No state • Cannot operate when disconnected from server • Attention to bandwidth and interaction issues • Web pages are defined in non-object-oriented languages • No installation needed

  29. Web-based clients (2) • Typical business implementations: • Servlets • JSP • JSF (Spring, Struts,…) • Example of online game scenario: • Data: Postgresql + JPA (Hibernate) • Logic: Tomee+ Rest Services • Presentation: JavaScript + AJAX + JQuery

  30. Mobile based clients • J2ME MIDlets • Limitations: • Low hardware resources • Simplified application lifecycle • Cost-driven design • Other problems…

  31. Concluding remarks • HCI – design, implementation and evaluation of interactive systems for humans • GUI building is its practical part: design, software architecture, code tactics • Java has good GUI related stuffs: • Widely used and well documented • Architecture-neutral, available • High level GUI packages • Growing importance on the internet

  32. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION. kartelj@matf.bg.ac.rs aleksandar.kartelj@gmail.com www.math.rs/~kartelj

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