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CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5. MEASUREMENT. SECTION 5-1. Ratios and Units of Measure. MEASUREMENT – is a process used to find size, quantities, or amounts. COMPASS – is used for drawing curved lines and circles for measuring distances. PROTRACTOR – is an instrument for measuring and drawing angles.

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CHAPTER 5

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  1. CHAPTER 5 MEASUREMENT

  2. SECTION 5-1 Ratios and Units of Measure

  3. MEASUREMENT– is a process used to find size, quantities, or amounts

  4. COMPASS – is used for drawing curved lines and circles for measuring distances.

  5. PROTRACTOR – is an instrument for measuring and drawing angles.

  6. SCALES or RULERS – devices for measuring distance.

  7. CALIPERS and MICROMETERS – devices used for making precise measurements

  8. PRECISION – is related to the unit of measure used.

  9. GREATEST POSSIBLE ERROR – is ½ the smallest unit used to make the measurement.

  10. RATIO – is a quotient of two numbers that compares one number with the other.

  11. RATE – is a ratio that compares two different quantities

  12. UNIT RATE – compares a quantity to one unit of that quantity

  13. SECTION 5-2 Perimeter, Circumference and Area

  14. PERIMETER – is the distance around a polygon.

  15. CIRCUMFERENCE – is the distance around a circle.

  16. AREA – the amount of surface a figure covers.

  17. Circle C = d or 2r A =r2

  18. Rectangle or Square P = 2l + 2w A = lw

  19. Triangle A = ½bh

  20. Parallelogram A = bh

  21. Trapezoid A = ½h(b1+b2)

  22. SECTION 5-3 Probability and Area

  23. PROBABILITY – the likelihood that an event will occur.

  24. P(any event) = number of favorable outcomes ÷ number of possible outcomes

  25. SECTION 5-4 Problem Solving Skills: Irregular Shapes

  26. SECTION 5-5 Three-dimensional Figures and Loci

  27. POLYHEDRON– is a three-dimensional figure in which each surface is a polygon and

  28. The surfaces are called faces. Two faces intersect at an edge, and a vertex is a point where three or more edges intersect.

  29. PRISM - a polyhedron with two identical parallel faces. Each of these faces is called a base and

  30. a prism is named by the shape of its bases.

  31. PYRAMID - a polyhedron with only one base. The other faces are triangles that meet at a vertex and

  32. a pyramid is named by the shape of its base.

  33. LATERAL FACES - are those faces that are not bases.

  34. LATERAL EDGES - are the edges of lateral faces and can be parallel, intersecting,or skew.

  35. CYLINDER - a three-dimensional figure having a curved region with two parallel congruent circular bases. Its axis joins the centers of the two bases.

  36. CONE - a three-dimensional figure having a curved surface and one circular base. Its axis is a segment from the vertex to the center of the base.

  37. SPHERE - is the set of points in space that are the same distance from a given point called the center of the sphere.

  38. SECTION 5-6 Surface Area of Three-dimensional Figures

  39. SURFACE AREA - The sum of the areas of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure.

  40. FORMULAS

  41. Square base A = s2

  42. Square prism SA = 6s2

  43. Rectangular Prism SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)

  44. Triangular face A = ½bh

  45. Circular base A = r2

  46. Curved surface A = 2rh

  47. Cylinder SA = 2rh + 2r2

  48. Cone SA = rs +r2 S is the slant height

  49. Sphere SA = 4r2

  50. SECTION 5-7 Volume of Three-dimensional Figures

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