Mobile Broadband Emerging trends & Regulatory challenges

1. Mobile Broadband Emerging trends & Regulatory challenges Presentation by - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma

2. We will broadly Look at Emerging trends in telecom Mobile broadband can cater to data needs of society Indian Telecom Sector and policy initiatives on Mobile broadband Backhaul bottlenecks in delivery of broadband through mobile IMT Advanced - Key regulatory issues

3. Changing citizen needs – growing appetite for data • Every minute, 48 hours of video is uploaded globally on YouTube. • Wrath of the Lich King sold 2.8 million • copies in 24 hrs • Worldwide mobile application store downloads estimates -17.7 billion downloads in 2011, By the • end of 2014, over 185 billion estimated • Facebook attracts over 845 million active users worldwide. 425m of them are mobile users ~35 Million users in India • Second Life claims over 16 million registered users, $9 million real money exchanged monthly to spent on virtual goods on the site • Video Download • Gaming • App Store • Social Networking • Virtual Life Entertainment & socialising going online Source: http://www.youtube.com/t/press_timeline Ericsson Business Consulting; Gartner, Inc. estimates; Facebook's IPO filing;

4. 4 Changing technology– New age connected devices to change media consumption pattern New age connected devices - Smart Phones Tablets, Book readers, gaming consoles Connected devices have clear impacton Media Consumption • By 2014, 3 out of every 4 mobile devices sold will be a smart phone • Tablets in India launched at $50! • Amazon has tied up with AT&T for kindle - Books in 60 sec • Connected devices will touch all sorts of electronics ranging from camera’s to refrigerators Service Penetration, USA 15% Video 2% 37% Music 8% 53% Social Networking 11% 78% Browsing 19% Average traffic per device (MB/month) 84% App Use 24% Smartphone Feature Phone Source: ComScore, Mobilens,USA, March 2010 Source: CISCO VNI Mobile, 2011

5. Wireless Technology evolving to cater to changing data needs; Service providers embracing the change • 410 commercial HSPA networks in 162 countries • 71.7% of HSPA networks support 7.2 Mbps or higher peak DL data speed • ~ 36% of HSPA operators have • launched HSPA+(28 Mbps peal DL speed) • 49 launched 42 Mbps DC-HSPA+ • commercial networks • 3,227 HSPA devices launched in the market - includes 182 HSPA+ and 100 dual-mode HSPA-LTE devices Source: Global HSPA+ Network Commitments and Deployments report – October 28, 2011, GSA www.gsacom.com

6. Policy & regulation – The critical act of balancing Policy & Regulatory Support

7. Mobile broadband can cater to Citizen’s data needs • Handset v/s PC - availability & affordability • On the move user requirement • Ability to support demand at low price point • Faster rollout of services • Lower Capex, hence higher ROI This is more so in developing world where the wired-line penetration is limited

8. Wireless Broadband Indian scenario & Policy Initiatives

9. Policy on wireless broadband services in India • The auction of 3G/BWA spectrum conducted in Mid 2010 based on a controlled, simultaneous ascending e-auction, by a specialized agency. • The spectrum bands identified for mobile broadband services in India • 3G Roll Out Status – More than 80,000 Node Bs have been installed in ~6,500 cities and towns in India • BWA Roll out Status – No technology specified; Most Service Providers are planning to roll out their networks on LTE-TD; Should happen by end of 2012 depending on commercial equipment availability in 2.3-2.4Ghz bands

10. Data traffic burst after launch of mobile broadband (on 3G) Global Mobile traffic (Exabyte / year) Growth >100 times within a year Month-wise ILL Bandwidth Usage for CDMA network Growth ~15 times within 3 year Source: IDATE, January 2011

11. Wireless Broadband Backhaul bottlenecks in delivery of broadband through mobile

12. PSTN Internet High bandwidth demands and bottlenecks in mobile networks… • Ever-growing spectrum demand • Optical fiber • Backhaul spectrum requirement for Microwave Access over Fiber or Microwave Core Air interface Aggregation Common IP backhaul for 2G+3G BSC Ethernet MSC G-MSC BTS IP/MPLS over DWDM 40 Channel 40G/100G IP backhaul ECB Router Ethernet RNC RNC Node B SGSN GGSN Last Mile • International leased line connectivity IP/TDM CPE Cell site Aggregation site Core site

13. Microwave backhaul frequency issues • Per site(BTS/node B) backhaul Bandwidth requirement is different in different systems – • 2G Network 1E1 per site with the primary RF spectrum of 4.4MHz • 3G Network 21 Mbps (with HSPA +) • BWA Network 100 – 150 Mbps • High throughput requirements mandate the need of either a fiber backbone or a mixed fiber- digital microwave backhaul. • LTE will necessitate large number of BTS in small geographical area

14. Microwave backhaul frequency issues • Average throughput of 28 MHz (paired) Digital MW link - ~160 Mbps at present; For 56 Mhz it is ~320Mbps • Ring deployed for BTS connectivity in LTE will cater to at best 3 BTS due to 100-150 Mbps BW requirement. • More number of BTSs will require more number of rings at Fibre aggregator point • Necessitates requirement of at least 4-6 RF pairs to be allotted for M/W backhaul to avoid interference between adjacent links.

15. Creating a sound fiber based backhaul - Introduction of National Broadband Plan by developed and developing countries Source: Analysis mason • TRAI has sent its recommendations on “National Broadband Plan” to Government of India in December 2010.

16. National Broadband Plan Will help solve Mobile network’s backhaul problems in India

17. National Broadband Plan India – ROW & Targets

18. Wireless Broadband Regulatory Challenges in IMT-Advanced deployment

19. Regulatory issues – Spectrum related • Identification of frequency bands • Harmonisation aspect at International and Regional level • Auditing and re-farming in identified bands • Decision on band sizes • Candidate technologies for the IMT-Advanced • FDD or TDD modes • Convergence of different technologies and services; • Backward compatibility aspects; • Making voice mandatory for new technologies or fall back option; • Other Generic issues like Licensing, Pricing and assignment mechanism; Spectrum usage charges for operators holding only IMT- Advance or holding a combination of spectrum bands;

20. Identifying Spectrum Bands for IMT-Advanced • The following bands have been identified for IMT and IMT-Advanced for public telecommunication services: • 450 MHz, • 585–806 MHz, (Available) • 800 MHz, • 900 MHz, • 1800 MHz, • 1900 MHz, • 2.1 GHz, (2010-2025 MHz band) • 2.3-2.4 GHz, (Available) • 2.5-2.69 GHz, (Available) • 3.3-3.4 GHz and • 3.4–3.6 GHz. (Available) • Band identification for IMT Adv – issues to be kept in mind • Ecosystem aspect - • Bands where most technological developments are happening • Device availability • International roaming • Some bands can result in lesser CAPEX • For FDD, UL/ DL bands will need to be specified • For TDD operation, regulator may specify • Frame synchronization based on network or satellite-based timing, • permissible set of UL/DL ratios

21. Block size and Cap on maximum spectrum for a licensee • Issues involved are – • Avoiding fragmentation of bands; instead large contiguous blocks to be allotted • Wider contiguous channels to provide the desired services and level of performances • Hoarding of spectrum • Encourage fair competition among service providers by catering to existing players need

22. User Equipment (UE) for LTE There are five different LTE UE categories that are defined and have a wide range in the supported parameters and performance Whether there is a need to define a particular user equipment or architecture to be used by the vendors or this may be left to the market forces

23. Other issues • Need to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6; • Infrastructure Sharing • Interconnect usage charges • Reporting requirements • The subscriber numbers • Subscribers that are able to get particular speeds • KPIs for QoS - IMT-Advanced will be supporting all packet based services even for voice, • For data traffic, throughput, packet loss, transactions latency, object hits are some of the KPIs; but how to monitor quality of voice and video calls that are packet based. • Deployment of Femto and Pico cells will further impact KPI monitoring • Will QoE (Quality of Experience) replace QoS • Security issues

24. Thank You Sanjeev Kumar Sharma Joint Advisor (Mobile Networks) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India sanjeevk05@gmail.com

25. LTE supports very high peak data rates • 4G technology packs 16.32 bits per Hz as compared to well below 1 bit per Hz for 2/2.5G operations. For LTE-Adv Peak spectrum efficiency: downlink – 30 bps/Hz; uplink – 6.75 bps/Hz. • In India BWA operators have 20 MHz contiguous spectrum against 5x2 MHz for 3G spectrum. For 2G its even less in most cases •  LTE deploys MIMO technology for antenna systems, allow multiple antennas in spatial-domain, theoretically achievable spectral efficiency scales linearly with the number of transmit and receive antennas employed. • Hence, with 20 MHz bandwidth • LTE standard 3GPP Release 8 theoretically supports peak rates of 326.4 Mbps for 4x4 antennas. Peak  data  rate of 1  Gbps  will  be  achieved in LTE-Adv  by  4- by 4 MIMO  and  transmission  bandwidth  wider  than  approximately  70  MHz