Half-Caste

1. Half-Caste Learning Objectives: Consider the context of the poem Use the poem to consider cultural implications and views of different races To note how these are presented in the poem

2. What does the term HALF-CASTE suggest? • Discuss this in your pairs and be ready to present your views in 2mins HALF CASTE • Less than whole • Less important • Not properly formed • Indian term for social class, the lowest of which is considered ‘untouchable’ • Used as in colour; the ‘cast’ of something • Cast, made or formed

3. About the poet • 'The diversity of cultures here is very exciting'. • John Agard came to England from Guyana in 1977. • Like many people from the Caribbean, he is mixed race - his mother is Portuguese, but born in Guyana and his father is black. • One of the things he enjoys about living in England is the wide range of people he meets: • He doesn't like the view of racial origins, which is implied in the word 'half-caste', still used by many people to describe people of mixed race. • The term now is considered rude and insulting. I think humour can be very powerful. Humour breaks down boundaries, it topples our self-importance, it connects people

4. Repetition Non-standard English Patois/Creole language Key ideas/images Repeat to reinforce an idea or image English that doesn’t follow the normal ‘rules’ Non-standard, dialect form of a language Important pictures and thoughts The poem uses the following techniques Do you understand them?

5. John Agard - Half Caste Poem opens apologetically or belligerently? Excuse me standing on one leg I’m half-caste. Opening stanza is a joke Speaker stands on one leg because he is only half made/half a person Using the word caste as if it is cast i.e. made

6. Explain yuselfwha yu meanwhen yu say half-casteyu mean when Picassomix red an greenis a half-caste canvas/explain yuselfwha yu meanwhen yu say half-casteyu mean when light an shadowmix in de skyis a half-caste weather/well in dat caseengland weathernearly always half-castein fact some o dem cloudhalf-caste till dem overcastso spiteful dem don’t want de sun passah rass/ Tone is more demanding and blunt than the first stanza 5 Written in his dialect (patois) with non-standard punctuation emphasising the fact that the speaker stands outside of society 10 Agard ridicules the notion of Half-caste by applying it to art and, notably, the British Weather 15 explain yuselfwha yu meanwhen yu say half-casteyu mean tchaikovskysit down at dah pianoan mix a black keywid a white keyis a half-caste symphony/ Agard puns the words half-caste and overcast for humour 25 20 30

7. Explain yuselfwha yu meanAh listening to yu wid de keenhalf of mih earAh looking at yu wid de keenhalf of mih eyean when I’m introduced to yuI’m sure you’ll understandwhy I offer yu half-a-handan when I sleep at nightI close half-a-eyeconsequently when I dreamI dream half-a-dreaman when moon begin to glowI half-caste human beingcast half-a-shadowbut yu must come back tomorrowwid de whole of yu eyean de whole of yu earan de whole of yu mind. an I will tell yude other halfof my story. The poet reprises his earlier joke/pun on a mixed race person being half formed: the “half-caste” uses only half of ear and eye, and offers half a hand to shake, leading to the absurdities of dreaming half a dream and casting half a shadow. Once again the poet uses humour and absurdity to emphasise his view of the term The poet is asking/telling you to be more open minded and thoughtful both in terms of your attitudes and the way you speak 35 40 45 50 Final pun on the word half, like a joke, the poem ends with a punchline

8. Stanzas vary in length, possibly like the rambling of an upset speaker? Repetition gives a rhythm to the poem and emphasises the number of reasons that this term is stupid/racist What is Agard suggesting about the listener? What is the tone or mood of this poem? Angry, Unhappy, humorous? Patois and non-standard punctuation suggest this is a poem to be heard rather than read

9. What mood or emotion would you associate with each line? Angry? Sarcastic? Amazed? Assertive? Shy/Apologetic? Perplexed/Confused? Ironic/Sarcastic?

10. What are the themes of this poem? • Agard attacks the assumptions behind the term ‘half-caste’ and ridicules it in the process • Though the poem is light-hearted in tone, the argument of the last six lines is very serious • We need to give people our full attention and respect • Don’t use the term half-caste when discussing the poem’s meaning. Instead, use the term ‘mixed race’ • How is ‘mixed race’ better than ‘half-caste’?

11. Why did Agard write the poem? "This imposition of half, half, half on a person's total human complexity implies that some sort of 'purity' has been subverted. A child of mixed race is a tangible, loving expression of human beings from different cultural backgrounds getting together - that should be seen not as something threatening, but as something enriching..."

12. Writing about poems The poet says excuse me standing on one leg I'm half-caste. Half-cast means when you have two different races, like when a canvas is red and green. mix red and green is a half-caste canvas. But he says if you come back tomorrow you will see a different (whole) person instead of only half the story. and I will tell you de other half of my story. • candidate seems to have grasped roughly what the poem is about • however, the paragraph is poorly expressed, so the ideas are very unclear • the writing is poor with words being joined together • the quotes don't quite connect with what is said about them • suggests F/G candidate

13. Writing about poems The argument of the poem comes out in the way it is written. You could almost say that the poem is written in a mixed language - it's a kind of English, but it's also in Caribbean. The poet writes 'wid' and instead of 'with' to show that the speaker has a Caribbean accent. Some people might call this half-caste language, saying that it's not proper English, but Agard would say it's just a different variety of English. Also, he writes in a jokey style, like I explained above, it's like he's teasing people who think he's "only" half-caste, and taking the mickey is a good way of putting your ideas across, and making people think again, which is why Agard wrote the poem. So the way the poem is written suits what it's trying to say • good drawing together of ideas • two good general points clearly made • because this is a conclusion, it relates to detailed points made earlier • suggests A/B candidate

14. Review • How important is it for the poet to write in non-standard English? • The poem makes a serious point but uses humour to do so. What kinds of humour do you find here and how well do they work? • How does John Agard explore the meanings of “half” and “whole” in this poem?