Unit 5: Twelve Angry Men

1. Unit 5: Twelve Angry Men

2. Teaching objectives • 1. Introduction to the Text • 2. Detailed Discussion of the Text • 3. Vocabulary: Verb: dress, score, strain; Noun: focus; Phrase: but for • 4. Grammar Focus: Sentence analysis; Where-clauses; Inversion; Verb forms • 5. More work on the Text: Oral Work; Vocabulary; Grammar; Written Work (Chinese-English Translation)

3. Arrangements Pre- reading While- reading After- reading

4. Pre – reading Warming- up questions Background information

5. Warming-up questions • 1. Can you give examples about the people who have once got involved in law cases? • 2. How much do you know about American law?

6. 赖昌星 45 years old 远华 Group Smuggling 30 billion yuan (1996 – 1999) Canada The first person

7. The second person

8. 赵燕 being beaten by two American policemen without reason time: 21st, July, 2004 During a travel the result of the case innocent civil case

9. 赵本山 2nd, March, 2007 NewYork “刘老根” Art Corps Illegal profits: giving- back tickets no seats Being asked for 1 million dollars for compensation The third person

10. Unit 5 Twelve Angry Men

11. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Background information • American Court System • Jury System & Jurors • Jury Procedure • Civil Case vs. Criminal Case • Trial Pattern: Key Words

12. Some books for Law

13. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men American Court System • The accused is deemed innocent until and unless proved “guilty beyond a reasonable doubt”; • In most cases, the verdict has to be unanimously reached. • A trial does not aim at discovering who committed a particular crime, but rather the innocence or guilt of the accused; • The system is valuable, but not infallible and can be quite precarious. The end of American Court System.

14. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Jury System & Jurors A jury is made up of 12 adults. Jury service is usually compulsory To be continued on the next page.

15. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Jury System & Jurors • How long does jury service last for? Around two weeks, however, if at the end of this time the trial is still going, you may be asked if you are able to stay on. • Who can I talk to about the trial? Once you are a juror you may only discuss the trial in the jury room when all the jury are present. You must not talk about the trial to anyone who is not a member of your jury. It is an offence for anyone to impersonate a juror and to serve on his or her behalf. To be continued on the next page.

16. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Jury Procedure • What happens after all of the evidence is presented? After all of the evidence is presented, the lawyers make closing arguments. The judge then gives the “charge”, or instructions, to the jury. In these instructions, the issues that jurors must decide are defined. When the judge has finished, the jurors retire to the jury room to deliberate the case. To be continued on the next page.

17. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Jury Procedure • How is voting conducted by the jurors? Your final vote should represent your own opinion. When differences of opinion arise between jurors, the jurors should say what they think and why they think it. jurors must not try to force agreement. Jurors should not refuse to listen to the arguments and opinions of others and must not permit any decision to be reached by chance or the “toss of a coin”. To be continued on the next page.

18. The first four steps • evidence presenting • closing arguments • Judge’s instructions • jurors’ deliberation of the case

19. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Jury Procedure • What should a jury do once it has reached a verdict? Once the jury has reached its verdict, the presiding juror completes and signs the verdict form. The judge will provide instructions explaining the verdict form. Once the verdict form is signed, the presiding juror should inform the bailiff or clerk. The entire jury panel will then re-enter the courtroom and deliver its verdict in open court. The end of Jury Procedure.

20. The full juror procedure • evidence presenting • closing arguments • Judge’s instructions • jurors’ deliberation of the case • presiding juror filling the verdict form • delivering the verdict form openly

21. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Civil Case vs. Criminal Case A civil case is one in which a person who feels he or she has been wronged brings legal action in order to protect his or her interests. This person is known as the plaintiff. The person being sued is known as the defendant. People usually sue for an amount of money to make up for the injury or loss they have suffered. Civil cases do not result in prison terms. __ __ To be continued on the next page.

22. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Civil Case vs. Criminal Case A criminal case, on the other hand, is one in which the local, State, or Federal Government begins the action in the name of its citizens. The plaintiff is the government acting on behalf of the people. To be continued on the next page.

23. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Civil Case vs. Criminal Case –Differences • In a civil case, it is up to the plaintiff, the person who has started the lawsuit, to prove his or her case with stronger evidence than the defendant. • In other words, the judge or jury must believe that the weight of the plaintiff's evidence is greater than the weight of the defendant's evidence, if the plaintiff is to win.

24. In a criminal case, because a person is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty, the prosecution must prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt. • This is a much heavier burden of proof than there is in a civil case.

25. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Trial Pattern: Key Words:1 Not-Guilty Plea: When a defendant enters a plea of not guilty, the case proceeds to trial. The jury is selected, 12 people plus alternate jurors if the trial is expected to be long. To be continued on the next page.

26. Trial Pattern: Key Words:2 • Presentation of Evidence: Each side then has a turn to present evidence, which can be pictures, objects, documents, or sworn testimony by witnesses. Evidence must have a tendency to prove or disprove the issues in the case. The judge decides if evidence is unreliable based on evidence rules. The evidence rules are intended to ensure that the evidence is reliable.

27. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Trial Pattern: Key Words:3 Objections: During a trial, if attorneys on either side feel that a question asked or evidence offered is improper, they may make objections. L W B T E

28. Trial Pattern: Key Words:4 Verdict: The judge will instruct the jury on the law that applies to the case. The jury then moves to the jury room to reach a verdict. All 12 jurors must agree on a guilty verdict. If the jury reaches a guilty verdict in a felony case, the judge will order a probation report and schedule a sentencing hearing for 20 days later. A misdemeanor can be sentenced immediately.

29. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Trial Pattern: Key Words:5 Sentences: State and local laws define crimes and specify punishment. The end of Trial Pattern.

30. While- reading • Text appreciation • Language study

31. Text appreciation Plot of the story Setting of the story Protagonists of the story Themeof the story

32. Plot: A young delinquent awaits sentencing for the manslaughter of his aggressive father. One juror feels there is a reasonable doubt—to the frustration of his eleven colleagues—thus preventing a quick verdict. During the heated deliberations, the hidden preconceptions and prejudices of the jurors are revealed. Setting: jury room Protagonists: 12 jurors To be continued on the next page.

33. Adverbial clause of manner Sentence Paraphrase 1 Now you fellows can handle this any way you want. (Para. 2) “This” refers to the deliberation of the jurors. Notice the difference between “any way” and “anyway”. -He may not like to see me, but I’m going anyway. -You can do it any way you want. I don’t care. I just want the result. -He is desperate. He has to find that money any way.

34. Sentence Paraphrase 2 Now we know where we are. (Para. 5) • Now we know what everybody’s • attitude is.

35. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Word Study 4.charge v.a. to state officially that someone may be guilty of a crime 指控 b. to ask someone for a particular amount of money for something you are selling 付费 • Examples: • Gibbons has been charged with murder. • The gallery charges an entrance fee.

36. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men charge sb. with 以……的罪行指控 to state officially that someone may be guilty of a crime • Examples: • The man they arrested last night has been charged with murder. • They're going to charge him with dangerous driving. • Cf. • He was accused of murder. • Smith accused her of lying.

37. Ellipsis Sentence Paraphrase 3 You know, (he was)born in a slum, his mother (was) dead since he was 9, (and he)lived a year and a half in an orphanage when his father was serving a jail term for forgery. (Para. 19) In spoken English, elliptical sentences are common. go to 4

38. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men 在监狱服刑 serve a jail term/sentence, serve time to spend a particular period of time in prison • Examples: • He served an eighteen-month sentence for theft. • Did you know that Les is serving time (= is in prison) ?

39. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men 3. owe sb. sth 欠某人…… to feel that you should do something for someone or give someone something To be continued on the next page.

40. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men • Examples: • I owe my brother $50. • He asked for help from a colleague who owed him a favour.. • You owe him an apology. • “I owe my parents a lot,” he admitted. • Their success owes more to good luck than to careful management.

41. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Paragraph 20 4. be supposed to do 本应该…… used to say what someone should or should not do, especially because of rules or what someone in authority has said To be continued on the next page.

42. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men • Examples: • We're supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock. • I'm not supposed to tell anyone. • No one was supposed to know about it. • The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we've had to postpone it.

43. Sentence Paraphrase 4 What do you think that trial cost? (Para. 20) According to the U.S. law any citizen has a right to a proper trial, and if he can’t pay, the trial will be paid by the government. That’s why No. 10 here reminds No. 8 angrily that the boy has cost a lot of public money. go to 5

44. Sentence Paraphrase 5 Since when is dishonesty a group characteristic? (Para. 21) I’m surprised to hear you say that as if dishonesty has ever been a group characteristic. This is a retort to No. 10’s remark from No. 9 who is opposed to stereotyped opinions about the poor people. go to 6

45. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Paragraph 23 5.mix up 搞混淆 to make the mistake of thinking that someone or something is another person or thing • Examples: • I must have got the times mixed up. • I always mix him up with his brother. They look so much alike.

46. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Translation 6. put into words 用语言来表达 婉转地讲 v. toexpress • Examples: • It is hard to put into words how I feel now.

47. Sentence Paraphrase 7 Translation Innocent until proven guilty. The burden of proof is on the prosecution. (Para. 27) 没有证明有罪，就算无辜。举证的责任在指控的一方。 The accused is not guilty unless we prove him guilty. And it is the prosecutor’s responsibility to present the evidence. go to 8

48. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Paragraph 29 10. refute v. to prove that a statement or idea is not correct refutea hypothesis/a claim/an idea, etc. 反驳一个假设/说法/想法

49. Lesson 5 – Twelve Angry Men Paragraph 33 13. swear v. (swore, sworn) a. to use rude and offensive language 诅咒 b. to say very strongly that what you are saying is true 发誓 • Examples: • Don'tswearin front of the children. • I never touched your purse, I swear!

50. Sentence Paraphrase 8 You don’t believe the boy’s story. How come you believe the woman’s? She’s one of THEM, too, isn’t she? (Para. 36) • Those people who live in slums How is it that…? Why…? No. 8 is pointing out a flaw in No. 10’s logic. No. 10 first says that you can’t believe those slum people, then he begins to quote of those people’s testimony, but he is not aware of his self-contradiction. go to 9