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C hromosomes and cell division

Explore the role of chromosomes in cell division and the growth of organisms. Learn about karyotypes, homologous chromosomes, and the difference between diploid and haploid cells.

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C hromosomes and cell division

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  1. Chromosomes and cell division

  2. HOW DO ORGANISMS GET BIGGER IN SIZE?

  3. Chromosomes are threadlike structures in which DNA (your genetic information) is organized Chromosomes

  4. What does this picture represent? With your partner make a list of everything you note in this picture

  5. This picture represents a karyotype

  6. A karyotype is the grouping of chromosomes from largest to smallest. Chromosomes #1 to #22 are called autosomes. Chromosome pair #23, the Sex chromosomes, X and Y, determines gender in mammals. XX – Female XY - Male Karyotypes

  7. What questions do you still have about karyotypes? Karyotypes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDYbbi5S_zQ

  8. Why do we study Karyotypes? What information cannot be provided by karyotypes? Karyotypes

  9. Female or male? How many chromosomes in total?

  10. I can explain the role of mitosis in organisms’ growth Unit 3 – Genetics • Today’s agenda: • Warm up • Power point presentation and interactive notes • Practice

  11. Define the word “karyotype’ • Explain what information a karyotype provides Warm up

  12. Any difference between figure #1 and #2? Figure #2 Figure #1

  13. Down Syndrome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9jj9Dapj8k

  14. Look the same • Control the same traits • May code for different forms of each trait • Independent origin - each one was inherited from a different parent Homologue chromosomes

  15. Each pair of chromosomes is referred to as homologous pair (homologous= having the same structure) Homologous chromosomes are 2 chromosomes, one from mom one from dad. They have copies of the same genes Homologous chromosomes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuOGF0jxufk

  16. Genes for eye color Homologous chromosomes are just like pairs of similar matching socks mom dad dad Gene location is the same, but the type of gene may be different Example: gene for brown eye color or blue…..

  17. Check for understanding Put the following items in order from largest to smallest: chromosomes, DNA, cell, nucleus Make a visual representation of these items and how they are connected to each other

  18. Check for understanding_ Answer Key

  19. Body cells vs. gametes • Body cells or somatic cellshave 46 chromosomes. They are called diploid cells. • Sex cells or gametes are eggs and sperms. They are called haploid cells. • - Germ cells, located in the ovaries and testes, develop into gametes • - Gametes have DNA that can be passed to offspring

  20. Constant for each cell in the body: humans have 46 chromosomes in their body cells. Sex cells have 23 chromosomes • Constant throughout the life of an individual (you don’t lose or gain chromosomes) • Constant for all members of a species. Numbers of chromosomes

  21. Diploid vs haploid cells Diploid cells Haploid cells

  22. Remember…Brain cells are non-sex cells… …Somatic cells are non-sex cells… …Somatic cells are diploid… …Diploid cells have the full set of chromosomes Answer = 46 How many chromosomes are in brain cells?

  23. Remember…Haploid = half number of chromosomes Answer = 23 chromosomes What is the human haploid chromosome number?

  24. Remember…Egg cells are sex cells… …Sex cells are gametes… …Gamete cells are haploid… …Haploid cells have ½ the set of chromosomes Answer = 23 How many chromosomes are in female egg cells?

  25. Remember…Diploid = total number of chromosomes Answer = 46 What is the human diploid chromosome number?

  26. Remember…Gamete cells are sex cells… …Sex cells are haploid… …Haploid cells have ½ the set of chromosomes Answer = 23 What is the human gamete chromosome number?

  27. Remember…Somatic cells are non-sex cells… …Somatic cells are diploid… …Diploid cells have the full set of chromosomes Answer = 46 What is the human somatic chromosome number?

  28. In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division Chromosome Duplication

  29. arm arm centromere duplicated chromosome Unreplicated Chromosome • S phase • Chromosomes (DNA) are replicated 2 sister chromatids – Attached at their centromeres

  30. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes?

  31. Sickle cell anemia

  32. Mutations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo

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