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Forces and Motion

Discover the fundamentals of forces and motion, including acceleration, velocity, and gravitational laws. Learn about balanced and unbalanced forces, friction, and how to calculate speed and velocity.

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Forces and Motion

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  1. Forces and Motion • Forces can create changes in motion (acceleration) • Deceleration is negative acceleration

  2. Motion can be described as • a change in an object’s position • Average velocity (speed) is the change of position of an object over time

  3. Velocity Graphs V = distance time • Velocity (v) is the slope (rise over run) of a position (d) vs. time (t) graph

  4. 40 The diagram represents the total travel of a teacher on a Saturday. Which part of the trip is made at the greatest average speed? F Q G R H S J T How do we work this one? Calculate v = d/t for each segment.

  5. Acceleration Graphs • Acceleration (a) is the slope of a velocity (v) vs. time (t) graph • Plotted on a distance vs. time graph, acceleration is an exponential curve

  6. Acceleration is a change in an objects velocity (speed or direction) • When an object’s speed changes over time it is accelerating (or decelerating) • A = vfinal – vinitial time • Units for acceleration m/s/s or m/s2

  7. Definition of a Force • A Force is a push or a pull

  8. Balanced Force • A force that produces no change in an object’s motion because it is balanced by an equal, opposite force.

  9. 4 The picture shows the position of a ball every 0.25 second on a photogram. Using a ruler, determine the velocity of the ball. F 3.5 cm/s G 10.5 cm/s H 14.0 cm/s J 28.0 cm/s

  10. Use the ruler on the side of the chart and the equation for velocity. The answer was H. Measure from the center of ball 1 to the center of ball 2 and multiply by 4.

  11. Are forces that results in an object’s motion being changed. Unbalanced Forces +

  12. Friction A force that acts in a direction opposite to the motion of two surfaces in contact with each other.

  13. Friction Friction causes an object to slow down and stop. Since the amount of energy stays constant, the energy becomes heat.

  14. Universal Law of Gravitation All objects in the universe attract each other by the force of gravity

  15. Universal Law of Gravitation Gravity varies depending on two factors: 1) the mass of the object doing the pulling, and 2) the distance from the center of that object

  16. On Earth gravity = 9.8 m/s/s • For every second that an object falls its speed increases by 9.8 m/s

  17. Weight= Mass (m) X gravity (g) • Weight Unit of mass = kg • Unit of acceleration = m/s/s • Unit of weight = Newton • 1 Newton= about ¼ pound

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