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Vocabulary

Vocabulary. ATOM -the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element Nucleus - The center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons Electron Cloud –Region surrounding the nucleus containing the electrons. The Atom. The Atom. Nucleus. Protons. Neutrons. 3. Li.

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Vocabulary

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  1. Vocabulary • ATOM-the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element • Nucleus- The center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons • Electron Cloud –Region surrounding the nucleus containing the electrons

  2. The Atom

  3. The Atom

  4. Nucleus Protons Neutrons

  5. 3 Li The Atomic Symbol 7 The atomic mass The Nucleus • Proton-A positively charged sub-atomic particle (+). Atomic Mass=1 amu • The number of protons is the same as the atomic number The atomic mass

  6. 3 The atomic number Li 7 The atomic mass The Nucleus • Neutrons –A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus • --Has a mass equal to 1 atomic mass unit • --Neutron do not have a charge (0) • To calculate the number of neutrons in an element… The atomic mass • The atomic number The number of neutrons The atomic mass

  7. 3 The atomic number Li 7 The atomic mass 7 (Atomic Mass) • 3 protons(Atomic #) 4neutrons The atomic mass

  8. WRITING RESPONSE How many protons does Mg have? How many neutrons does Mg Have?

  9. WRITING RESPONSE How many protons does Mg have?12 How many neutrons does Mg Have? 12

  10. The Atom

  11. The Electron Cloud • Electrons- • The number of electrons equals the number of protons • Sub-atomic particle with a negative charge (-) • Electrons behave as if in a 3-D orbit • Valence Electrons • The outer most electrons • Valence electrons are responsible for bonding

  12. WRITING RESPONSE How many protons? How many neutrons? How many electrons?

  13. WRITING RESPONSE How many protons? 3 How many neutrons? 4 How many electrons? 3

  14. Bohr Model • The first shell can have • 2 electrons • The second shell can • have 8 electrons

  15. Shells and the Electron Cloud

  16. Let’s look at a few elements… Hydrogen 1= Proton 1= electron

  17. Let’s look at a few elements… Helium 2=protons 2=neutrons 2=electrons

  18. Let’s look at a few elements… Lithium 3=protons 4=neutrons 3=electrons

  19. Let’s look at a few elements… 9=protons 10=neutrons 9=electrons Fluorine

  20. Let’s look at a few elements… 18=protons 22=neutrons 18=electrons Argon

  21. ISOTOPES Atoms that have the same # of protons but have neutrons that have been added, resulting in a different atomic mass.

  22. IONS • Charged particles that occur when an atom gains or loses an electron during chemical bonding. • If the atom gains an electron- Negative charge • Ex: Cl- • Most non-metals form negative Ions • If the atom loses an electron- Positive Charge • Ex: Na+ • Most metals form Positive Ions

  23. Losing an Electron = Positive ion Na+ has 11 protons but only 10 electrons Gaining an Electron = Negative ion Cl- has 17 protons but has 18 electrons

  24. What would the charge be on an atom that lost an electron? Gained two electrons?

  25. A Which shows a negative ion? Explain Which shows a neutral atom? Explain Which shows a positive atom? Explain B C

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