WELCOME Our dear Partners in the Ministry

1. WELCOME Our dear Partners in the Ministry October 21, 2009 BEC Center, Tagaytay City

2. BASIC WOMEN ORIENTATION COURSE& GENDER SENSITIVITY SEMINAR WORKSHOP October 21, 2009 BEC Center, Tagaytay City

3. Levelling off • 4 main premises that the participants should keep in mind whenever issues of gender equality are addressed:

4. NOT A WAR OF THE SEXES

5. NOT ANTI MALE

6. BOTH WOMEN AND MEN ARE VICTIMS, ALTHOUGH WOMEN MORE THAN MEN

7. BOTH HAVE A STAKE IN THE STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY

8. ACTIVITIES • CATCH ME • SAPOT NG GAGAMBA/ WEB CHART

9. THE WOMAN QUESTION

10. WOMEN IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY • THE MUJER INDIGENA • In the family, social status , etc. • In the economic life of the community • In the political life • In the religious life • THE DOMESTICATION OF THE MUJER INDIGENA through religion through education

11. No. 6 in the Global Gender Gap Report 2006 & 2008 • The only developing country included in the Top 10, along with Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Germany, New Zealand, Denmark, United Kingdom and Ireland. • Philippines acknowledged as successfully being able to bridge the gender gap on areas of inequality such as economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment and health and survival.

12. CURRENT ISSUES OF WOMEN • INEQUALITY AND SUBORDINATION • VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN • RAPE DOWRY/ DOWRY DEATHS • INCEST HONOR DEATHS • BATTERING SUTTEE • INFANTICIDE (FOETICIDE) • WOMEN CIRCUMCISION, foot binding • FEMINIZATION OF MIGRATION/LABOR • TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN • PROSTITUTION • MAIL ORDER BRIDES

13. FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY • FEMINIZATION OF MIGRATION • HUMAN TRAFFICKING

14. MIGRATION

15. dollar-earning venture • It also defuses social tension given the government’s incapacity to offer enough permanent jobs for the huge labor force

16. (RE:The Plight of Modern-Day Slaves (Another story of sexual assault on Filipina OFW) -August 7, 2007 “The news showed of a Filipina being raped by her Arab master and being videoed while being abused. The news also showed a clipping from a cell phone video of another domestic helper in Saudi Arabia. All she could do at the time was to weep- a very disheartening weep. ..the girl was being raped not only by her abusive employer but also by her employer’s son and their friends who visit them at home.

17. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN “Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life” • Art. 1 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

18. INEQUALITY & SUBORDINATION/DISCRIMINATION • ECONOMIC - Women’s economic dependence on men - Limited access to cash and credit - - Limited access to education and training for women

19. POLITICAL • Under-representation of women in power, politics, the media and in the legal and medical profession • Domestic violence not taken seriously • Notions of family being private and beyond control of the state • Risk of challenge to status quo/religious laws • Limited organization of women as a political force • Limited participation of women in organized political system

20. POLITICS is about POWER • Most social scientists definition of power: The ABILITY TO COMPEL OBEDIENCE OR AS CONTROL AND DOMINATION power over someone-something possessed Ex. Money- medium in the economy BUT THERE IS AN ALTERNATIVE DEF. OF POWER

21. CORRUPTION Corruption: PROJECTS $$$ WB, etc Projects/Pork Barrels Procurement Tax Evasion/ Smuggling Policy Corruption? TA oil? National Oligarchs LT GKW NEDA Other agencies POLICY VS. ACTIVITY (Survival) DBM Pork barrel Military Police LGU S T A G N A T ion Pork barrel Gridlock? Business Stability Senate LocalOligarchs $$OFWMIDDLE CLASS Lopez Middle class POOR Media Jobs, Poverty Hunger Education Health Church Various Causes: Civil Society, Anti Birth Control

22. CULTURAL • Gender –specific socialization • Cultural definitions of appropriate sex roles • Expectations of roles within relationships • Belief in the inherent superiority of males • Values that give men proprietary rights over women and girls • Notion of the family as the private sphere and under male control • Acceptability of violence as a means to resolve conflict

23. CULTURE • a set of people’s values, beliefs, behavior, language and artifacts which distinguish them from other people. • Culture tells us • What we ought to be • What we ought to think • Who we ought to be • What we ought to expect of others

24. Situation of Women in the Philippine Context (2007) • one woman is raped every Nine hours • while a child is raped every 3 hours; • a woman is battered every three hours while a child is maltreated every hour and a half; • and a woman or child is sexually harassed every 18 hours

25. Kabuuang Bilang ng Karahasan Laban sa Kababaihan (2008)

26. Kabuuang Bilang ng Biktima ng Karahasan sa mga Bata

27. Summary • There is 1 woman raped every 8 hours while • A child is raped every 1 and a half hours. • There is also 1 woman victim of sexual harassment & 1 woman victim of domestic violence for every 2 hours and 6 minutes.

28. THE WOMAN QUESTION • THE WOMAN QUESTIONis the fact that there is discriminationsubordinationexploitation, andoppression of women AS WOMEN,that cuts acrossclass, race,nationality and creed.It is an IDEOLOGICAL, STRUCTURAL, Cultural, and GLOBAL problem.

29. PATRIARCHY • is defined by the feminists as the basic cause of women’s oppression. Coined from the Greek pater/patros (father) and arche (origin, ruling power or authority), it is described as a social system based “on the absolute and unaccountable power over wives and concubines, children, servants, slaves, animals and real property enjoyed by the paterfamilias, i.e. the father who is the head of the family, clan or tribe.

30. INSTITUTIONS THAT PROMOTE GENDER BIAS • The individual male or female within a given culture acquires gender roles/relations through socialization. • Socialization- as defined is the process by which an individual learns to confirm to the norms of the group with which one is born with and internalizes these norms to acquire status and to plan corresponding roles. Social institutions are mechanisms that maintain gender within a society.

31. Gender Construction/Socialization School Family Religion Media Church

32. PAANO BA AKO PINALAKI NG AKING MGA MAGULANG? HOW DID MY PARENTS/GUARDIANS RAISE ME AS A CHILD- A boy/girl AT THAT? • What are some of my childhood memories/experiences of gender bias?

33. what makes one male and female biologically determined Refers to physical chartacteristics Constant across time Constant across different societies and cultures What makes one masculine or feminine Socially determined; culturally defined Learned behavior Changes across time Changes across places and culture What is SEX What is Gender

34. Determinants of Sex Male Female Genitalia penis vagina, clitoris Reproductive Organs testes ovary, uterus Chromosomes XY XX Hormones testosterone estrogen androgen progesterone

35. GENDER • is a socio-economic variable to analyze roles, responsibilities, constraints, opportunities and needs of men and women in any context.

36. Since GENDER is a social construct, the particular socio-economic and cultural/religious context cannot be ignored in determining women’s roles, needs, priorities and activities.

37. GENDER ROLES • Tasks and activities traditionally assigned by society to women and men because of popular perception that they have the qualities and capabilities to better perform them

38. Gender Roles have threeaspects • POSITIONS within the social structure indicating where women and men belong or are expected to belong • RULES FOR BEHAVIOR AND INTERACTION prescribed for men and women • RELATIONSHIPS between women’s and men’s roles

39. The-public –private life • Men engage in the public world of WORK and POLITICS • Women are confined to the private concerns of the HOME and FAMILY; outside work are extensions of their domestic functions.

40. GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR • The assignment of tasks and roles to men and women on account of sex • May result into women’s multiple roles, multiple burden • at home - reproductive roles • At work - productive roles (ex. Homemaker) • In the community - community management and political roles

41. MANIFESTATION OF GENDER BIAS Sub-Ordination Marginalization VIOLENCE Against Women Multiple Burden Stereotyping

42. GROUP WORK- ANALYZE SITUATIONS GIVEN

43. GENDER ROLE STEREOTYPING • Constant portrayal of women and men as performing roles traditionally associated to them. • Stereotyping prevents both from shifting to non-traditional roles.

44. Men are denied the access to nurturing emotion other –oriented WORLD OF DOMESTIC LIFE Women are denied access to: work achievement independence power TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE RESTRICTIONS – LIMIT THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND POTENTIALS OF HUMAN BEINGS

45. Man for the field and woman for the hearth; Man of the sword and for the needle she; Man with the head and woman with the heart; Man to command and woman to obey Else all confusion --Alfred Lord Tennyson Else all confusion POEMS ON GENDERSTEREOTYPING

46. Who cares what face she carries of what she wears? But woman’s body is the woman. --Ambrose Bierce

47. Nature intended women to be our slaves…They are our property, we are not theirs.They belong to us, just as a tree that bears fruit belongs to the gardener.What a mad idea to demand equality for women!….Women are nothing but machines for producing children.--Napoleon Bonaparte

48. BUT THEY DO CHANGE • PEOPLE SHAPE CULTURE • CULTURE SHAPES PEOPLE

49. GENDER SENSITIVITY AND AWARENESS • Is the ability to recognize gender issues and especially the ability to recognize women’s different perceptions and interest arising from different social location and different gender roles.

50. Gender Sensitivity is often used to mean the same as gender awareness, although • Gender awareness can also mean the extra ability to recognize gender issues which remain “hidden” from those with a more conventional point of view.