Human Development through Energy: A Historic Perspective

1. Momentousness of Energy in Human Development P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Energy is An Essential Human Need ?????

2. Thermodynamic Classification of Living Species Life on Earth Carbon Energy Reservoirs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Somatic Heterotrophs Extra-Somatic Heterotrophs

3. Humans : Extra-somatic Heterotrophs • The humans are extrasomatic heterotrophs. • The ability to use energy extrasomatically enables human beings to use far more energy than any other heterotroph that has ever evolved. • The human population modified more and more of its environment by using extrasomatic energy to suit human needs. • The world's present population of over 5.5 billion is sustained and continues to grow through the use of extrasomatic energy. • The human race expanded its resource base so that for long periods it has exceeded contemporary requirements.

4. Extra-somatic Development of Human Silicon Era Machine Free Era ??? Machines Era Water Mills Wind Mills Heat Engines Steam /gas turbines Compound Tool Era Single body Tool Era Cattle as Energy Systems Pre-historic Technology Humans as Energy Systems Pre-historic Energy Systems

5. A Simplified History of Power Plants

6. The Greatest Extra-somatic Discovery Discovery of FIRE, FLAME and TORCH • Fire is a discovery rather than an invention. • Homo erectus probably discovered fire by accident. • Fire was most likely given to man as a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt of lightning struck a tree or a bush, suddenly starting it on fire. • The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early man's first use of 'artificial' lighting. • As early as 400,000 BC, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking man. • Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave. • Various Oils were used as fuels.

8. The Accounting : A major concern in Extra-somatism If we are living in a cave and realized our extrasomatism, we need to start accounting with some degree of precise standard. We might be having fire, stick and stone tools in our cave. There, starts a measurement system. Like when you grunt and say how many fruits you collected for dinner, 1, 2 or 3.....measurements. When gathering wood for a fire you would ask for so much wood.....measurement. To live in our physical world we need to understand it (The Knowledge).

9. Innovation and Conservation

10. Extra-somatic Solutions w/o Holistic Approach Creation of Motive Power on Water : Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies by copying

11. Early War Ships Assyrian warship, a bireme with pointed bow circa 700 BC Dutch 17th-century ship

12. Thomas Savery • As an English army officer, Thomas Savery was once ejected from the Lord of the Admiralty's office as a lunatic because he proposed a ship that could be propelled by side-mounted wheels rather than by wind or oars. • http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsavery1.htm

13. The Motive Power From Heat (Fuel) Thomas Savery

14. Timeline : History of steam engines • 1698        Thomas Savery patent • The Savery engine was much lower in capital cost than the Newcomen engine, with a 2 to 4 horsepower Savery engine costing from 150-200 pounds. • 1712        Thomas Newcomen patent1736        Watt born1755        Watt trained in London1763        Watt discovers problem with Newcomen engine1765        Watt discovers external condenser1769        Roebuck and Watt patent the engine1774        Boulton acquires Roebuck's patent rights. 1776        The first Boulton and Watt engine is commercially applied1781-2    Patent the double-acting engine1800       Engine patent runs out. Watt retires at 64, healthy, happy, and famous1819       James Watt dies, age 83

15. The Secret Behind Development of Power Plants