HEALTH AND SAFETY

1. HEALTH AND SAFETY Unit 1: Leading a Healthy Life

2. Leading cause of death in the United States before 1900 - infectious diseases and infections. Example: Influenza, pneumonia, infection from an injury Leading cause of death in United States today - lifestyle diseases – diseases caused by unhealthy behaviors and other factors. Example: Heart disease, diabetes, obesity Section 1: Health and Teens

3. Why infections and infectious diseases are no longer the leading causes of death in the U.S: • Antibiotic drugs – Kill bacterial infections Example: Penicillin • Vaccines (Immunizations) – Prevent people from getting certain infectious diseases Example: Polio, Small Pox, Flu • Cleaner living conditions Example: Refrigeration, flush toilets, disposing of garbage in landfill • Better overall health Example: Stronger immune system due to more food, better sanitation, antibiotic drugs, immunizations

4. Controllable riskfactors are risk factors that you can do something about – behaviors you can control. Uncontrollable risk factors are conditions can affect your health but you have no control over, such as – age, race, gender, heredity Health Risk FactorsRisk Factor: Anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems

5. Total Population – All age groups included: # 1 Heart Disease # 2 Cancer # 3 Stroke Teens – Ages 15 – 24 : # 1 Accidents (50% automobile) # 2 Homicide # 3 Suicide Leading Causes of Death in the United States

6. Leading causes of death in US for teens ages 15-19. The top three causes – Accidents, homicide, and suicide, account for more than three quarter (76%) of all deaths in 2002. Auto accidents is the number one cause on death – about 40%. Rank Cause of Death # Total Deaths Percent All Deaths 13812 100% 1 Accidents (Unintentional Injury) 7137 51.67% - Motor Vehicle Accidents 5522 39.98% - Poisoning 486 3.52% - Drowning 320 2.32% - Firearm 107 .77% 2 Homicide 1892 13.70% 3 Suicide 1513 10.95% 4 Cancer 723 5.23% 5 Heart Disease 405 2.93% 6 Birth Defects 248 1.80% 7 Chronic Respiratory Disease 93 .67% 8 Influenza & Pneumonia 75 .54%

7. Unhealthy Risk Behaviors: Six types of risk behaviors that cause the most serious health problems: 1. Sedentary lifestyle - not getting enough exercise. 2. Alcohol and other drug use – can lead to disease, contributes to suicide, homicide, unprotected sex, violence. 3. Sexual activity – especially before marriage can lead to disease, unplanned pregnancy.

8. Unhealthy Risk Behaviors . . . (continued) 4. Behaviors that cause injuries – avoiding actions that can lead to injury or death. 5. Tobacco use 6. Poor eating habits

9. Section 2: Health and Wellness • Health – the state of well-being in which all of the components of health are in balance. • Six components of health include: - Physical Health - Mental Health - Emotional Health - Spiritual Health - Social Health - Environmental Health

10. Physical Health • Physical Health – the way your body functions, being free of disease, sickness and injury. Examples: eating a well balanced diet, getting regular exercise, avoiding alcohol and drugs, having good hygiene, practicing sexual abstinence, getting regular doctor and dental check-ups, wearing sunscreen, wearing protective gear, wearing a seatbelt.

11. Emotional Health • Emotional Health– expressing your emotions in a positive nondestructive way, coping with unpleasant emotions and not getting overwhelmed by them, seeking help from others when sad or upset. Examples: Going for a walk when angry, talking to a friend when sad or upset.

12. Social Health • Social Health – the quality of your relationships with friends, family, teachers, and others you are in contact with. Staying clear of those who do not treat you with respect and tolerance. Being willing to improve relationships and work out differences with others. Examples: Respecting others, having supportive relationships, expresses needs to others.

13. Mental Health • Mental Health –strongly influenced by your emotional health, ability to recognize reality and cope with demands of daily life. Having high self-esteem and feeling comfortable and happy about yourself, not having a mental illness. Examples: Willing to try new things, having high self-esteem and confidence in abilities.

14. Spiritual Health • Spiritual Health – maintaining harmonious relationships with other living things, having spiritual direction and purpose, living according to one’s ethics, morals, values, living in harmony with environment, at peace with yourself and others around you. Examples: Feeling good after doing volunteer work, going to church, believing stealing is wrong and not taking money that is not yours, feeling connected with nature when hiking.

15. Environmental Health • Environmental Health – Keeping your air and water clean, your food safe, and land around you enjoyable and safe. Examples: Recycling, driving a low emission car, not wasting water, keeping home clean. Avoiding toxic chemicals

16. Striving for Optimal Health • Wellness – achievement of a person’s best in all six components of health. • Wellness Continuum – model and idea that a person is neither completely healthy nor completely unhealthy. • All six components of health can be affected by other components.

17. Optimal Health Model: Environmental Health Spiritual Health Physical Health Mental Health Social Health EmotionalHealth

18. Heredity Influences – traits inherited from your parents. Social Influences – influence of friends, parents, media Cultural Influences – your beliefs, practices of your culture and religion Environmental Influences – your surroundings, area where you live, your contact with environment. Influences on Your Wellness

19. How to Stay Healthy • Keep informed about health – seek out new and accurate health information. • Adopt healthy behaviors – don’t smoke or take drugs, wear a seatbelt, etc. • Maintain a healthy attitude – respect yourself and take pride in your health.