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Basics of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter, including atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Learn about physical and chemical properties, changes of matter, and the classification of mixtures. Understand the concept of density and the process of dissolving.

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Basics of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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  1. P. Sci. Unit 7 Chapter 2 Matter

  2. Chemistry • What things are made of and how things change.

  3. Matter • Has mass and takes up space. • Matter is made up of atoms • Light sound and electricity are NOT matter

  4. Atoms The smallest particle that has the properties of an element. Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. All the atoms in the substance are alike

  5. Elements • Each element has a one or two letter symbol used worldwide to designate it. • The chart that shows all the known elements is called the Periodic Table of Elements.

  6. Compounds • When two or more elements combine chemically you get a compound.

  7. Molecule • The smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all the properties of that compound.

  8. Chemical formulas • The combination of chemical symbols (and how many atoms of each) make up a molecule of a substance.

  9. Pure vs. Mixtures • Pure substances – any substance that has a fixed composition and definite properties. Table sugar – C12H22O11

  10. Mixtures - A combination of substances that are not fixed; they can change OJ – is a mixture of water, citric acid and sugar among other things. Any drop of Orange Juice can have different amounts of the different components.

  11. Classifications of Mixtures • Homogeneous Mixtures – a mixture that is the same throughout (completely mixed) • Heterogeneous Mixtures – a mixture where you can see all the parts. (incompletely mixed)

  12. Properties of Matter • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • Physical Changes • Chemical Changes Changes of Matter

  13. Physical Properties • characteristics of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substances in the material. • examples include color, shape, size, melting point, and boiling point.

  14. Appearance – physical description of a substance. Behavior – how a substance acts; for example, magnetism, viscosity, ductility. Physical properties such as size and magnetism can be used to separate mixtures.

  15. Chemical Properties • Characteristics of a substance indicating that it can change chemically.

  16. Examples: flammability or light sensitivity of a substance, production of a gas, production of a precipitate, change in odor.

  17. Physical Change • A change in a substance’s physical property (properties). • Substance does not change identity when it undergoes a physical change. • Examples: change in size, shape, or state of matter

  18. Chemical Change • When one substance changes to another substance. • Some chemical changes are indicated by temperature change, smell, or bubble formation.

  19. Other chemical changes occur very slowly such as the formation of rust.

  20. Density • The mass per unit volume of a substance. (how much matter is packed into a specific amount of a substance) • d = m/v • Density is a physical property.

  21. Dissolving • When a substance dissolves, it seems to disappear because the particles of the substance spread out between the particles of the liquid. Neither substance changes into another substance, therefore: • Dissolving is a physical change.

  22. Change of State • When a substance goes from one state of matter to another the substance does not change into another substance. (ice, water, steam – are all H2O) Therefore – Change of State is a Physical Change.

  23. End of Part 1

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