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Chapter 8

Food for Thought: The Globalization of Agriculture. Chapter 8. Figure 8.1 (p. 221). Two major themes in this chapter. Agriculture. Globalization. Agriculture. Relationship Between Agriculture and Food Production. Figure 8.3 (p. 223). Agriculture.

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Chapter 8

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  1. Food for Thought: The Globalization of Agriculture Chapter 8

  2. Figure 8.1 (p. 221) Two major themes in this chapter Agriculture Globalization

  3. Agriculture Relationship Between Agriculture and Food Production Figure 8.3 (p. 223)

  4. Agriculture Agriculture is a major cause of environmental change Figure 8.2 (p. 222)

  5. Agricultural Revolutions First Agricultural Revolution Probable culture-hearths and origins of agriculture Figure 8.4 (p. 224)

  6. Second Agricultural Revolution technological change: crop rotation, instruments, machines, fertilizers Figure 8.5 (p. 226)

  7. Third Agricultural ("Green") Revolution hybrid grains for better yields, greater reliance on fertilizers, genetically engineered crops

  8. Geography of agriculture • Climate and natural environment • Culture • Economic factors

  9. urban market high transportation cost items: vegetables, eggs, dairy low transportation cost items: forestry, wheat Simplified von Thünen model of agricultural land use (pp. 225-226)

  10. Production methods capital intensive labor intensive ? vs.

  11. extensive agriculture intensive agriculture ? vs.

  12. ? subsistence commercial vs.

  13. ? nomadism sedentary agriculture vs.

  14. • Irrigated versus non-irrigated • Different forms of land ownership: - family farms - tenant farmers - sharecroppers - plantations - state-owned farms - garden plots - agribusiness • Agribusiness and the globalization of agriculture

  15. Globalization • Time-space convergence • Winners and losers in the global economy • Free trade and comparative advantage

  16. Globalization • Time-space convergence • Winners and losers in the global economy • Free trade and comparative advantage Export economy Traditional economy Figures 8.6 and 8.7 (p. 230))

  17. Globalization • Time-space convergence • Winners and losers in the global economy • Free tradeand comparative advantage • Cattle production in the Amazon • Global-local continuumworks in both directions

  18. Globalization Amazon roads and deforestation Figures 8.8 and 8.9 (p. 231))

  19. Resistance to Globalization and Industrial Agriculture LDCs object to agricultural subsidies in the United States and the European Union: • Unfair trade practices MDC consumers object to: • Oil-based production system • Environmental damage from pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers • Unethical, inhumane treatment of animals • Monoculture mass production threatens food security • Emphasis on low nutrition processed foods • Weakened local culture and traditions

  20. Responses: • Local Food Movement • Organic Farming • Urban and Community Gardens • Grass-fed, free range ranching • Farmer’s Markets • Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs) Figure 8.10 (p. 232)) • Restaurants and Chefs Promoting Local Food

  21. Remote sensing Amazon Rainforest, Bolivia Landsat 7 data acquired August 1, 2000 http://library.usgs.gov/

  22. Food for Thought: The Globalization of Agriculture Case Study Chapter 8

  23. After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Differentiate among agricultural landscapes. • Understand how and why the same crops and livestock are produced in different ways in different regions of the world. • Collect primary data in your local supermarket. • Describe global food chains. • Recognize different land uses in satellite images. • Use remote sensing to study land use change.

  24. Activity 1: Agricultural Landscapes and Production Methods Online Activity

  25. Activity 2: Global Sources for Your Local Supermarket Renewing America’s Food Traditions (RAFT)

  26. Activity 3: Remote Sensing & Agricultural Land Use Change Figure 8.11 (p. 245)

  27. Online Activity

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