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CARTELS, ABUSE OF MARKET POWER AND MERGERS by PROFESSOR ALLAN FELS, AO Dean Australia and New Zealand School of Government * Monday, 7 July 2008 CUTS Institute for Regulation & Competition New Delhi * Formerly Chairman – Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. CARTELS.
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CARTELS, ABUSE OF MARKET POWER AND MERGERS by PROFESSOR ALLAN FELS, AO Dean Australia and New Zealand School of Government* Monday, 7 July 2008 CUTS Institute for Regulation & Competition New Delhi * Formerly Chairman – Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
CARTELS • Nature and definition • Anti-competitive agreements • Incentives for cartels – their persistence • Incentives in India • Some industries are more prone: • Entry restrictions; inelastic demand; homogeneous product etc.
CARTELS (cont) • Sources of cartels • Government-induced cartels • Secrecy and leniency policy • Communication as a requirement • The connection of cartels to other forms of anti-competitive conduct
ABUSE OF MARKET POWER • Where this part of competition law fits in • Nature and definition • Abuse of dominance/abuse of market power • Monopolisation law in USA and the paucity of cases • Abuse of dominance in the EU
ABUSE OF MARKET POWER (cont) • Australia • BHP case. Refusal of supply • Safeway/Woolworths – retail deletion • Compact Discs – punishing retailers • Boral case – predatory pricing
ABUSE OF MARKET POWER (cont) • Access to facilities • Difficulties in proving abuse: • Remedies are behavioural • High prices not addressed • Monopolist resistance • Quick remedies are not available • Lengthy cases • Inherent problems with protecting/promoting competition
ABUSE OF MARKET POWER (cont) • Difficulty with remedies • Protected monopolies • Link to other policies • Deregulation and abuse
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS • Where merger law fits in • Mergers a big part of competition law • A neutral approach • “Authorisation” • Dominance and substantial lessening of competition • Notification dilemmas • Evidence
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS (cont) • Evidence • Globalisation • Conditional approvals • Foreign takeovers
SOME CONCLUSIONS • Cartels, abuse of dominance and mergers often go together as a pattern of anti-competitive behaviour • The role of government should be remembered • The interaction of law and economics • Does India need a competition law? • Does India need to act differently from other countries in regard to competition law and policy?