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Raman Effect. Energy. Virtual Energy Level. h n 0. h n 0 +E vib. h n 0. h n 0 -E vib. h n 0. h n 0. 1 st excited vibrational state ground state. {. D E = E vib. Rayleigh Scattering (elastic). Stokes Scattering (inelastic). anti-Stokes Scattering (superelastic).
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Raman Effect Energy Virtual Energy Level hn0 hn0+Evib hn0 hn0-Evib hn0 hn0 1st excited vibrational state ground state { DE = Evib Rayleigh Scattering (elastic) Stokes Scattering (inelastic) anti-Stokes Scattering (superelastic)
Rayleigh Line <Haken & Wolf, “Molekϋlphysik und Quantenchemie”, 4th edition,Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2003>
Raman Spectrometer (Schematic Setup) laser collecting lens scattered light (Rayleigh + Raman) filter Raman scattered light detector
Raman spectra of green pigments identified as “Scheele’s green” (F) and “Emerald green” (G), two synthetic pigments that were not available in the middle ages. Oops....! Miniature “Susannah” supposedly mediaeval, but made by the “Spanish Forger” in the 19th century Burgio et al., J. Raman Spectrosc. 40 (2009) 2031–2036.