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C HAPTER F OUR. Assessing Leadership and Measuring Its Effects. Conventional Wisdom About Leadership. People who are tall and athletic make better leaders. Smarter people make better leaders. Leaders who are stable and predictable are more effective. Research Findings About Leadership.
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CHAPTERFOUR Assessing Leadership and Measuring Its Effects
Conventional Wisdom About Leadership • People who are tall and athletic make better leaders. • Smarter people make better leaders. • Leaders who are stable and predictable are more effective.
Research Findings About Leadership • People who are tall and athletic do not necessarily make better leaders. • In some situations, smarter leaders consistently performed less well than those who were less smart (Fiedler et al.) • The most effective leaders use different bases of power to meet situational demands.
Competency Model The set of skills, knowledge, abilities, or other attributes that are relevant to successful performance in a particular job.
Multiple Hurdles Approach Paper-and-pencil measures Interviews Assessment centers
The Relevance and Legality Of Unstructured Interview Questions • If you were any part of a car, what part would you be and why? • If you could go out to dinner with anyone, who would it be and why? • Do you plan on having any more children? • How do you feel about women in leadership positions?
Measures Of Successful and Unsuccessful Leadership • Superiors’ effectiveness and performance ratings • Subordinates’ ratings of satisfaction, organizational climate, morale, motivation, and leadership effectiveness • Unit performance indices
Drawbacks Of Using Superiors’ Ratings • Ratings may not be an accurate reflection of performance because supervisors: • May not take the time. • May be unaware or unfamiliar with a leader’s performance. • May have difficulty dealing with conflict. • Ratings can also be biased by friendships, perceptual sets, and attribution errors.
Drawbacks Of Using Subordinate Ratings • Subordinates may be relatively unmotivated toward work no matter what the leader does. • Motivation and cohesiveness does not guarantee effective performance. • Subordinates may rate the leader as effective because he or she does not make them work very hard and vise-versa.
Variations of Leadership studies Feature Common Uncommon Source: G. Yukl, Reflections and Directions in Leadership Research
Critical Thinking Questions Practitioners Should Ask • Who is the sample? • What is the situation? • What leadership qualities, characteristics, or behaviors are being assessed? • How is leadership success being determined? • How do the writers link leadership assessment to success?