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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. 8.1 & 8.2 Notes. Chemical Energy and ATP. Energy is the ability to do work. Your cells are busy using energy to build new molecules, contract muscles, and carry out active transport. Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis 8.1 & 8.2 Notes

  2. Chemical Energy and ATP • Energy is the ability to do work. • Your cells are busy using energy to build new molecules, contract muscles, and carry out active transport. • Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist.

  3. Chemical Energy and ATP • @One of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy is ATP (adenosine triphosphate ).@ • ATP consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups.

  4. Storing Energy • Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) looks almost like ATP, except that it has two phosphate groups instead of three. • ADP contains some energy, but not as much as ATP..

  5. Using Biochemical Energy • One way cells use the energy provided by ATP is to carry out active transport. • Energy from ATP powers the synthesis of proteins and responses to chemical signals at the cell surface.

  6. Heterotrophs and Autotrophs • Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things are known as heterotrophs. • Some heterotrophs get their food by eating plants. • Other heterotrophs, such as this cheetah, obtain food from plants indirectly by feeding on plant-eating animals.

  7. Heterotrophs and Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. (Plants, algae, and some bacteria) • The process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates that can be used for food is known as photosynthesis.

  8. Why is Photosynthesis important? • Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water). • It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process. • It also makes oxygen gas!!

  9. Photosynthesis-starts to ecological food webs!

  10. Photo-synthesis means"putting together with light." • @Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose.@ Glucose is a kind of sugar. • Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing. • Autotrophs make glucose and heterotrophs are consumers of it.

  11. As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll @6CO2+ 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6+ 6O2@

  12. Plants in Action Check it! What is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars?

  13. Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (all forms of light).

  14. Pigments • Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments. • @The plants’ principal pigment is chlorophyll.@

  15. Pigments • @Leaves reflect green light, which is why plants look green.@ • Plants also contain red and orange pigments such as carotene that absorb light in other regions of the spectrum.

  16. Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis takes place inside organelles called chloroplasts. • Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids

  17. Chloroplasts • Pigments are located in the thylakoid membranes. • The fluid portion outside of the thylakoids is known as the stroma.

  18. StomataThis opening how plants exchange gases!Check it! Can you name the two important gases that go in and out of the leaves?

  19. Light-Dependent Reactions • @The light-dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce energy@ (ATP and NADPH.) • These reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

  20. Light-Independent Reactions • @No light is required to power the light-independent reactions.@ • The light-independent reactions take place outside the thylakoids, in the stroma.

  21. What is the main compound used for energy? • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  22. What is the general formula for photosynthesis? • Water + CO2 + Sunlight - Glucose + O2 • 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6+ 6O2

  23. What two reactions make up photosynthesis? • Light-dependent reactions • Light-independent reactions

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