Demand Side Management Need, Concept & Scenario

1. Demand Side ManagementNeed, Concept & Scenario R.N. Pandya Sr. Project Executive (EC) Gujarat Energy Development Agency Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

2. What is DSM? • DSM means – Demand Side Management • In terms of Energy “supply & demand” – DSM means managing “energy demand” within the limits of “energy supply” by reduction of energy demand using efficient techniques & technologies. • With particular reference to “electricity demand & supply” fluctuations occur within a cycle of 24 hours as also during 12 months’ cycle – i.e. seasonal demand. • Increase in energy demand of a nation is affected by overall growth of industries and change in life style of people. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

3. The NEED • With rapid development and growth of the nation “Energy Demand” is increasing. • Inspite of plans to increase resources and add new generation capacities it is becoming difficult to match the supply with the demand because of resource and cost constraints. • Creating new energy sources will increase environmental hazards as power plants are the biggest source of pollution. • India depends on imported (oil) energy to meet about 75% of its total demand. So we have spend a huge sum of our hard earned FOREX for importing oil. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

4. The energy intensity of India is among the highest in the world. • We consume double the amount of energy for manufacturing and rendering services as compared to some of the developed countries. • So it is essential that we become more efficient and reduce our energy intensity by preventing wastage and adopting energy efficient pattern of growth. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

5. The Concept • Control and Manage the demand within sources of supply. • Manipulate and Manage peak load and off-peak load demands through load management. • Adopt Energy Efficient techniques & technologies to reduce energy demand in all consumer sectors. • Promoting low energy intensive industrial development • Use Renewable Energy Sources wherever possible – solar, wind, bio energy, hydel/tidal, geothermal energy sources. • Moderation of energy use. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

6. Implication of DSM in utilities DSM offers a wide variety of program either to increase or decrease the load. DSM program can be classified under the following three categories : • Energy Conservation Program : promote the application of energy efficiency measures, equipment such as lighting, air-conditioning, motors in different customer segments. The EC programs are especially designed to directly reduce energy consumption and indirectly reduce the peak demand. • Load Management Program : control, curtail or shift the load demand periodically on a daily or seasonal basis according to peak demand requirement or constraints. This program normally result in a decrease in peak demand but may or may not result in a decrease in consumption. • Increased Electricity Demand Program : may be used periodically on daily or seasonal basis in order to fill the valleys when the network is fed by run-of-river power stations. They are generally referred to as strategic power increase or surplus consumption measures. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 6

7. The Power Scenario • All India installed capacity is about 1,82,689 MW. • All India Generation is about 800 BU • Power Deficit - Peak Demand – 10.5%, Energy – 8.2% • Per Capita Energy Consumption – India - 700 kWh/year– World Average – 2800 kWh/yr • Coal based TPP – 65% (84% Generation) • Capacity Addition in 12th Plan is 100000 MW • Electricity supply increased 60%, household access by 10% in last decade – however • Half of India’s rural households do not have access to electricity i.e one third of the world population without electricity. Making India the largest population without electricity. • 25% of consumers are poor - paying > Rs 150 per month Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

8. The Power Scenario • Typical data • Average hours of supply in rural areas: 2-6 hours • De-electrification of villages: 10% • Un-authorised connections: 30% • Permanent disconnections: 15-20% • Energy Intensity 0.8 • Population – 130 crore (16% of World) • Energy Resources – 1% of World • Crude Import Bill – 200000 crore (75% of demand) Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

9. Energy Generation Scenario Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

10. Coal In India Reserves/Production (R/P) - World (122 years) India (114 years) 15 % of requirement imported, mainly coal with high GCV and low ash content Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

11. Oil In India • Will last - World (42 years) & India (20 years) • India has 0.5 % of world oil reserves • Oil accounts for 31 % of our primary energy. • Transport consumes 42 % followed by domestic and industrial, both 24 % • In 2011 India’s oil import burden will exceed 5% of GDP for only the third time in history if prices average the current level of $92/bbl for the entire year. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

12. Watch Your Step! • Power generation accounts for much of the increase in primary energy demand, the overall power generation in the country has increased from 264 Billion units during 1990-91 to 662.52 Billion Units during 2006-2007. • The country is facing power shortages : Peak shortage = 10.2 % , Average shortage = 9 % • Coal remains the main source of power generation. • Higher energy demand drives up imports of oil, gas and coal, and greenhouse gas emissions. • India is the fourth largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter in the world with CO2 emission being 1249.74 Mt for the year 2006. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

13. Power Scenario of Gujarat Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

14. Present installed capacity in the State of Gujarat Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

15. Total Installed Capacity in Gujarat Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

16. Present Surplus/(Deficit) scenario Proposed Capacity Addition – XI Five Year Plan GUJARAT IS CURRENTLY SURPLUS IN POWER Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

17. Total Sales • Generation – 55771 MU • Sales by GETCO – 54000 MU • (GETCO T&D losses are just 3-4%) • Sales by DISCOMs – 45000 MU • (Other T&D are about 16%)... PCE of Gujarat – 1500 kwh/yr Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

18. Breakup of Electricity End User(Gujarat 2009-10) Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

19. ENVIRONMENTis endangered by haphazard use of energy resources. The Global Warming due to CO2 emissions increased by 20% during 1995-2005 – the largest change in last 200 years. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

20. ENERGY The Main Culprit for Climate Change70% of the GHG emissions world over are caused by Energy Consumption. Power Plants & Industries are two major contributors of GHG emissions Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

21. Sector-wise GHG Emissions Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

22. Inspite of all these concerns Growth is Essential and Energy Consumption is Inevitable. DSM is an option to strike a balance between the both. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

23. Correlation between HDI & Electricity Source: Dr. Steve Chu, US Department of Energy Two way relation in terms of cause and effect. For India, small change in electricity use could make a big difference in HDI Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

24. Various DSM Initiatives • Increasing efficiency in power generation, transmission & distribution and utilization. • Improving quality of power, increasing reliability of power supply, reducing auxiliary energy,etc. • Incentive/disincentive Schemes for maintaining good PLF – TOU tariff, demand charges, PF penalty/rebate, etc. • Scheme for promoting EE in industries, buildings, agriculture, households, etc. • Creating mass awareness about EC. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

25. DSM Programs • EE Lighting – Bachat Lamp Yojna, LED Village Campaign, • EE & Green Buildings – BEPI, ECBC, use of better designs, MOC & electrical appliance. • Promoting Renewable Energy (RE) systems in place of conventional energy systems. RE based energy generation – on & off-grid systems • Prescribing efficiency norms for energy intensive products – BEE S&L program. • EE in public utilities – street lighting and water & sewerage pumping. • EE in agriculture – mandating use of efficient pumpsets. • Mandating EE in energy intensive industries. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

26. BEE Star Labeled Products Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

27. Advantages / Benefits • Economical – say Cheaper Solution • Fast – less time consuming • Eco-friendly – mitigates pollution • Sustainable • Indigenous – no hifi technology involved There is always a better way to do anything & DSM is one of the better ways…. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

28. DSM Applications : Residential Sector Savings Estimates Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 28

29. DSM Applications : Saving Potential in Agriculture Through Retrofitting Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 29

30. DSM Applications : Energy Saving Potential Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 30

31. Overview of applicable DSM measures 1. Power factor improvement at plant substation 2. Conventional ballast's on FTL’s by low loss ballast's 3. GLS lamps by CFL’s 4. HPMV Vs HPSV 5. Lighting voltage controller 6. Soft starter/Energy saver 7. Replacement of pump by high efficiency pump 8. Replacement of fan by high efficiency fan Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

32. Overview of applicable DSM Measures • 9. Application of VSD’s • 10. Replacement of single stage compressors by two stage compressors • 11. Reciprocating air compressor by screw compressor • 12. Reciprocating refrigeration compressor by centrifugal compressor • VCR’s by VAR’s • Water Lithium bromide • Aqua Ammonia • 14. No load energy saver for welding set Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

33. Benefit To All Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

34. Thank You for your time & patience. Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

35. Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful." Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad