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Evolution & Classification

Evolution & Classification. Marine Science 2012. Macromolecules. All organisms are made of cells All cells are made of molecules Macromolecule : a large molecule Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids. The Origin of Life. Formation of Earth: 4.6 bya

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Evolution & Classification

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  1. Evolution & Classification Marine Science 2012

  2. Macromolecules • All organisms are made of cells • All cells are made of molecules • Macromolecule: a large molecule • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  3. The Origin of Life • Formation of Earth: 4.6 bya • Early atmosphere: H, NH3, CH4, CO, UV rays • Origin of life hypotheses • General Process • Inorganic molecules link to organics • Gain ability to replicate selves • Aggregate into proto-cells

  4. Evidence From the Fossil Record • The Fossil Record Has Shown Us That… • The majority of Earth’s sp. are long extinct • Earlier organisms evolved into later ones • Earlier organisms were smaller & simpler • Several mass extinctions have taken place

  5. Evolutionary History • 4.5 bya: Origin of Earth • 3.5 bya: Oldest Prokaryotes • 1.9 bya: Oldest Eukaryotes • 1.5 bya: Origin of multicellularity • 700 mya: Oldest animal fossils • 545 mya: Cambrian explosion • 500 mya: Colonization of land • 400 mya: Evolution of sharks • 65 mya: Extinction of dinosaurs • 800,000 ya: Evolution of Homo sapiens

  6. Evolution: Wellspring of Biodiversity • Evolution: change in allele frequency over generations • Result of random genetic changes • Natural Selection • Process by which traits that enhance survival & reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations • Differential reproductive success

  7. Darwin’s Main Points • More offspring are produced than can survive • Variation occurs in any population • Some traits increase the probability of survival & reproduction • Favorable traits accumulate in a population • Which traits are favorable is determined by the environment

  8. Evolution in the Marine Environment • Believed life started here • More habitat • More ways of “making a living” • Relatively uniform physical conditions • Convergent evolution • Ex: pic

  9. Classification • Taxonomy: study of biological classification • Aristotle • System based on external similarities • Linnaeus • Nested hierarchy • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species • Today we base classification on evolutionary history

  10. Animal kingdom & its phylum's

  11. Let’s Classify… Wolf, bear, & a horse Horse Wolf Bear D: Eukarya K: Animal P: Chordate C: Mammals O: Carnivore F: Ursidae G: Ursus S: americanus • D: Eukarya • K: Animal • P: Chordate • C: Mammals • O: Perissodactyla • F: Equidae • G: Equus • S: caballus • D: Eukarya • K: Animal • P: Chordate • C: Mammals • O: Carnivore • F: Canidae • G: Canis • S: lupus

  12. Scientific Names Callinectes sapidus Zebrasoma flavescens Benefits of having a Latin naming system?? Zebrasoma rostratum

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