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法律与商业信函翻译

法律与商业信函翻译. 黄山学院 程汕姗. Comparative Reading. Chapter 19 Force Majeure Article 75

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法律与商业信函翻译

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  1. 法律与商业信函翻译 黄山学院 程汕姗

  2. Comparative Reading Chapter 19 Force Majeure Article 75 Should one of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, and war and other unforeseen events, and their happening and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party by cable or fax without any delay, and within fifteen days thereafter provide the detailed information of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization for explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract. Both parties shall, through consultations, decide whether to terminate the contract or to exempt the part of the obligations for implementation of the contract or whether to delay the execution of the contract according to the effects of the events on the performance of the contract. Company Logo

  3. Comparative Reading Chapter 20 Relevant Laws Article 76 The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of the disputes shall be governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China. Company Logo

  4. Comparative Reading Chapter 21 Settlement of Disputes Article 77 Any disputes arising from execution of , or in connection with the contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both parties. In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, the disputes shall be submitted to the Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for arbitration in accordance with its Provisional Rules of Procedure. The arbitral award is final and binding upon all the parties. Article 78 During the arbitration, the contract shall be executed continuously by both parties except for matters in disputes. Company Logo

  5. Comparative Reading 第十九章 不可抗力 第七十五条 由于如地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争以及其他不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件,影响任何一方履行合同时,遇有上述不可抗力的一方,应立即用电报、传真通知对方,并应在十五天内提供不可抗拒力详情及合同不能履行或者部分不能履行,或者需要延期履行的理由的有效证明文件,此项证明文件应由不可抗拒力发生地区的公证机构出具。按其对履行合同影响的程度,由双方协商决定是否解除合同,或者部分免除履行合同的责任,或者延期履行合同。 Company Logo

  6. Comparative Reading 第二十章 适用法律 第六十七条 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。 Company Logo

  7. Comparative Reading 第二十一章 争议的解决 第七十七条 凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议,双方应通过友好协商解决;如果协商不能解决应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会,根据该会的仲裁程序暂行规则进行仲裁。 仲裁裁决是终局的,对双方都有约束力。 第七十八条 在仲裁过程中,除双方有争议而正在进行仲裁的部分外,本合同应继续履行。 Company Logo

  8. Comparative Reading II This AGREEMENT entered into as of March 28,1992,between ABC company, a Chinese company (the "Borrower") and CREDIT BANK,N.A., a national banking association of the United States of America(the "Bank") WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested the Bank to extend to the Borrower a term loan in the principal amount of One Million United States Dollars (U.S.$1,000,000)upon the terms and subject to the Conditions of this Agreement; and WHEREAS, the Bank is prepared to make such a loan available to the Borrower upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein , the parties agree as follows: ... Company Logo

  9. Comparative Reading Article 2 The Loan Section 2.1. The commitment. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and relying upon the representations and warranties of the borrower, the Bank agrees, acting through its Lending office, on the date hereof to lend to the borrower, and the Borrower agrees to borrow, the principal amount of One Million United States Dollars ($1,000,000). Section 2.2. Disbursement.On the date hereof , upon fulfillment of the conditions set forth in Article VI, the Bank shall make the amount of the Loan available to the Borrower by remitting the amount of the Loan to an account in New York designated by the Borrower. If the Borrower fails to satisfy the conditions precedent set forth in Article VI ,the bank shall not be obligated to make the Loan. ... Company Logo

  10. Comparative Reading 本协议由ABC公司(简称为"借款人"或"借贷方")中国公司,与信贷银行(简称为"银行"),美国国家银行机构,于是1992年3月28日订立。 此证: 鉴于借款人已向银行要求基于本协议规定的条件和款项,向借款人提供一笔本金为壹佰万美元(US$1,000,000)的定期贷款; 鉴于银行已准备基于本协议规定的条件和款项,向借款人提供此项定期贷款; 据此,以双方承诺为对价,就下述内容达成一致: ... ... Company Logo

  11. Comparative Reading 第二条 贷款 2.1. 承诺 根据本协定规定之条件和款项并基于借款人作出的陈述 与保证 , 银行同意通过其贷款机构借出 , 且借款人也同 意借入本金为壹百万美元 ($1,000,000) 的贷款。 2.2. 释放 自协议生效之日起 , 依协议第六条规定 , 银行应向借款 人在纽约指定的账号汇入协议约定的数额款项 . 如借款 人未能完成第六条中规定的贷款先决条件 , 则银行无义 务提供此项贷款。 Company Logo

  12. 法律语篇的文体特点及翻译策略 法律语篇的功能是准确无误地表达具有规定性和约束性的信息 , 以规范和指导从国家政治生活、企业间业务行为到私人间社会交往的各种人类政治、经济活动。正因为它的这种社会功能 , 法律语篇的翻译必须一丝不苟、十分慎重。 Company Logo

  13. 法律语篇的文体特点及翻译策略 版面形式 • 运用大写字形突出重要词语 ; • 版面排列借助分行的方式 , 达到层次清晰、一目了然的视觉效果 . 在较长的文献中则采用编号的方法达到条理清晰 , 便于指称的目的。 汉译时也要采取同样的分行和编号的方式 , 并严格遵循 汉语相应法律文献的体例 , 以达到同样的效果。 Company Logo

  14. 词汇 • Force Majeure 源于法语的一个术语 • arbitral award－award乃取一般文章中不常见的 " 裁定 " 之义 • principal amount 为 " 本金 " 之义 • disbursement 在英语中是一个十分正式的用语 ,汉译时则使用了相应的专业术语 " 释放 " 。 • hereof, herein, witnesseth 其他语体中十分罕见或已废弃不用的古体词语。 Company Logo

  15. 句法 • 法律语篇的句子修饰语较多 , 结构常常比较繁复、冗长 , 如文选 I 中 Chapter 19 Force Majeure 段中的第一句话的主要结构为 :Should one of the parties be prevented from .....the prevented party shall notify the other party .....但句中叠加了许多从属成分致使句子达近百字之长。 文选 II 中的第一段实际上只是一句话 :The agreement...witnesseth whereas....and whereas....now therefore...the parties agree as follows:...但由于从属成分层层扩展 , 使句子延亘达一百余字。 • 翻译这样的句子先要理清脉络 , 尔后用层次明晰的汉语加以重新表达。译文常常使用书面词语及句式 , 以表达庄重、严谨的陈述风格。 Company Logo

  16. This LEASE made the fourth day of December one thousand nine hundred and seventy BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES LIMITED of Clarendon Square in the County of London(hereinafter called 'the Lessors') of the one part and Stephen Jackson of 25 Potter Street London N16(hereinafter called 'the Tenant') of the other part WITNESSETH as follows: In consideration of the rents hereinafter reserved and of the covenants and agreements on the part of the Tenant and conditions hereinafter contained the Lessors hereby demise unto the Tenant ALL THAT flat or suite of rooms known as Number Six in the mansion or building (hereinafter called the said mansion )known as The Towers Carlton Road N 16 in the County of London (all which flat is hereinafter called 'the demised premises') Together with right for the Tenant and the servants friends and visitors of the Tenant in common with the Lessors and the Lessors' other tenants of the said mansion and their servants friends and visitors to use the entrances courtyards passages staircases and lifts of any of the said mansion for the lawful purposes of ingress and egress to and from the demised premises. Company Logo

  17. 原文自 In consideration 以下至末尾竟连一个标点符号也没有 , 全靠从属成分的形式连接支撑全句结构。汉译则运用分号将句子层次标明 , 同样达到了明晰、畅达的效果。 本契约订于公元一千九百七十年十二月四日 , 以伦敦郡克拉蓝顿广场之房产有限公司为一方 ( 以下简称出租人 ), 以现寓于伦敦北 16 区伯特街道 25 号之斯蒂芬 . 杰克逊为另一方 ( 以下简称承租人 ) 。 本契约规定如下 : 鉴于下文保留之租金、承租人之保证承诺以及规定之条件 ( 其详情备载于下 ), 出租人乃将房宅 ( 下文称为涉约房屋 ) 内六号之整套公寓或全套房间让渡于承租人 ; 该涉约房屋称为伦敦郡北 16 区卡尔顿路楼宇 , 其中之套房下文称为让渡房屋 ; 此项让渡乃包括承租人及其佣仆、朋友、访客和出租人以及该涉约房屋内出租人之其他租户以及其佣仆、朋友、访客共同有权使用涉约房屋内任何入口院落过道楼梯及电梯 , 为法律允许之目的出入往来于让渡房屋之内。 Company Logo

  18. Business Correspondence I Dear Sirs, [1] Our client in New York requests us to obtain from you a proforma invoice for color TV sets with the following specifications: “Sharp” brand color TV sets 29-inch and 34-inch (each 300 sets). [2] Would you please airmail us the soonest possible your proforma invoice for 600 color TV sets with prices CIF New York, so that we can obtain our client’s confirmation. There is no question about our getting necessary import licence from our authorities. As soon as the said licence is approved, we shall establish an L /C in your favor. [3] Thank you for your close cooperation in this respect. Yours truly, Company Logo

  19. Business Correspondence I 敬启者： [1] 我们的一个纽约客户要求我们从贵方取得下列规格的彩色电视机形式发票：“夏普”牌彩色电视机29英寸和34英寸各300台。 [2] 请尽速航邮注有纽约到岸价格的600台彩色电视机的形式发票，以便我们取得客户确认。从当局取得必要的进口许可证当无问题。一俟获得许可证即开立以贵方为受益人的信用证。 [3] 感谢贵方的密切合作。 敬上 Company Logo

  20. Business Correspondence II Dear Sirs, [1] Thank you for your letter of May 20, offering us the acrylic sweaters at $30 per dozen CIF London. [2] In reply, we very much regret to state that we find your price rather high and out of line with the prevailing market level. [3] Information indicates that some parcels of Chinese may have been sold at the level of $26 per dozen. So if you should reduce your price by, say, 5%, we might come to terms. [4] Considering our long-standing business relationship, we make you such a counter-offer. As the market is declining, we sincerely hope you will consider our counter-offer and cable us at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Company Logo

  21. Business Correspondence II 敬启者： [1] 感谢贵方5月20日函报我方人造纤维毛衫的伦敦到岸价为每打30美元。 [2] 兹复，我们非常抱歉地奉告，贵方价格偏高，与现行市价水平不一致。 [3] 有消息说一些中国货物以每打26美元出售。故请贵方能够考虑降低价格，比如说5%，这样我们或许能够成交。 [4] 考虑到我们之间长期的贸易关系，我方作了一点还盘。由于市场日趋滑坡，我们非常真诚地希望贵方能考虑我们的还盘，并请将结果尽快电告我们。 敬上 Company Logo

  22. Business Correspondence III Dear Sirs, As advised in telegraph of May 16, we have shipped your order for 100 metric tons of Walnut Meat under Contract No.334, covered by L/C No.8855 per s.s. “Robert” and are sending you herewith copies of the following documents: Commercial Invoice No. 2956 in duplicate Non-negotiable Bill of Lading No.TD8560 Insurance Policy No. BG 8694 Inspection Certificate No. IC781 Weight List No.254 which we trust are in order. We hope this shipment will reach you safely and turn out to your satisfaction. Yours truly, Company Logo

  23. Business Correspondence III 敬启者， 五月十六日本公司已电告贵公司，第8855号信用证项下，有关第334号合同的100公吨核桃仁订货已装“罗伯特”号轮。现寄送贵公司下列各项单据，请查收﹕ 第2956号 发票一式二份 TD8560号 不可转让提单一份 BG8694号 保险单一份 IC781 号 检验证书一份 第254号 重量单一份 本公司希望这批货物能安全抵达并使贵公司满意。 敬上 Company Logo

  24. Business Correspondence IV Dear Sirs, In our previous letter, we asked you about the shipment of the goods we ordered but regret that we have, so far, heard no news from you. We can't help feeling surprised at your silence. As we have pointed out in our first inquiry, we are in urgent need of these goods. You will well remember it was your promise of shipping the goods before the end of April that brought us to book this order with you. Now we have already extended the L/C and you will note that the L/C expires on May 31. We hope that you will give this matter your immediate attention and that we'll have your shipping advice without further delay. In case you should fail to effect delivery in May, we will have to lodge a claim against you for the loss and reserve the right to cancel the contract. Yours truly, Company Logo

  25. Business Correspondence IV 敬启者， 本公司在前函里曾向贵公司询问本公司订购货物的装运情况。但很遗憾，本公司迄今未收到贵公司任何消息。对贵公司的沉默，本公司甚感惊讶。 本公司在初次询价时就曾指出，本公司急需此货。贵公司明确答应四月底之前装运，据此本公司方向贵公司订购这批货物。现在本公司已将信用证延期，请贵公司注意该信用证于五月三十一日到期。 本公司希望贵公司对此事立即予以重视，并希望早日收到贵公司装运通知，勿再延误。 若贵公司在五月份尚不能交货，本公司只能向贵公司索赔，并保留取消合同的权利。 敬上 Company Logo

  26. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 商务信函是商务运作过程中使用的各种函件的总称。在国际商务活动中商务信函是商家、厂家和客户之间联系业务、沟通商情和咨询答复的主要途径和工具。商务信函是一种公文性质的信函，因此它注重表达的准确性、规范性和朴素性，并且主题突出、中心明确。 英文商务信函具有如下的文体特点。 • 遣词方面，英文商务信函中使用大量的专业术语和正式词汇，同时又力求用词简洁朴素、准确具体。 • 造句方面，英文商务信函用句严谨完整、委婉礼貌，套语和礼貌用语使用频繁，注重语句语气的恰当性并充分考虑对方的感受。 • 此外，由于商务信函多数是关于咨询和磋商的，因此书写时用到的情态、语气较为丰富，主要涉及建议、催促、询问、拒绝、质问、谴责、辩解、赞赏、感谢、愿望等等。 Company Logo

  27. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 • 准确传达原文的信息 （1）专业术语 • 1-[1]proforma invoice 形式发票 • 2-[2]CIF到岸价格/L/C信用证/2-[4]counter-offer还盘 • non-negotiable bill of loading不可转让提单/insurance policy保险单/inspection certificate检验证书 对策：专业词典/业内人士 规范译法 trimming charges(平仓费)， establishment（开证）， counter-suggestion（反还盘）， bid（递盘）， irrevocable letter of credit（不可撤销信用证）， FOB（离岸价格）， C.B.D.（付现提货） Company Logo

  28. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 （2）老词新义 4－[4]claim“索赔” At present, we cannot entertain your counter-offer, as our price is quite reasonable. Entertain－consider 对策：词汇多义性＋专业工具书 准确性 (3) 复杂句式 理清原文的语法结构和逻辑关系，准确把握原文的信息。 Company Logo

  29. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 • 贴切再现原文的语气 例如，第二封信函表达的是一种建议和愿望，而第四封表达的是质问和谴责。 在英文商务信函中即便是表达谴责和质问，措词依然较为礼貌，所以在翻译时既要传达原文的谴责、质问的语气，又要不失礼貌的态度，译者应准确把握这一点。 Company Logo

  30. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 • 符合公函文体的语体言特征－套语 例：1-[3]/2-[2] “In reply, we very much regret to state that…” “贵（方，公司）”、“兹复”、“欣闻”、“获悉”、“为盼”、“承 蒙”、“烦请”等。 常用的一些套语还包括： please be informed that 兹告知贵方 be subject to change without previous notice随时可能改变， 不另行通知 I have pleasure in apprising you that 我十分高兴地通知您 We are looking forward to a favorable reply. 静候贵方佳音 we should be grateful/pleased if … 如能……，将不胜感激 Company Logo

  31. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 Our prices already make full allowance for large orders and, as I am sure you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum. 译文１：我们的价格已经是大量批发的价格了。另外， 你也知道，我们的行业竞争非常激烈，逼得我们将价格降到最低底。 译文２：我方报价已考虑到大批量订货的因素。相信贵公司也了解，由于激烈的市场竞争带来的压力，我们已经将价格降到最低程度了。 Company Logo

  32. 商业信函的文体特点及翻译策略 • 称呼和落款 Dear Sirs/Gentlemen “敬启者”。 “Yours truly/sincerely” “敬上／谨上”。 Company Logo

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