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ECON*2100 Week 2 – Lecture 3

Explore Malthusian view, demographic transition, global population changes, and overpopulation debate. Analyze the impact of birth rates, death rates, and resource management on economic growth.

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ECON*2100 Week 2 – Lecture 3

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  1. ECON*2100Week 2 – Lecture 3 Population Growth

  2. World Population

  3. The Malthusian View • Malthus: feasible limit grows slowly

  4. The Malthusian View • Malthus: feasible limit grows slowly Number alive Number that can be fed

  5. The Malthusian View • Malthus: feasible limit grows slowly Number alive Number that can be fed

  6. Problem with the Malthusian Model • He underestimated society’s capacity to increase production of food and other essentials • Predicted mass starvation and death of excess population

  7. Food output • Advances in agricultural productivity • Equipment • Plant breeding (Green Revolution) • GMO

  8. Demographic transition • 3 countries 1820-2009: • Each experiences a leveling off

  9. General pattern • Initially: High birth rate, high death rate People Population growth rate Time

  10. General pattern • Next: Birth rate stays high, but death rate falls People Population growth rate Time

  11. General pattern • Next: Birth rate falls People Population growth rate Time

  12. General pattern • Next: Birth rate falls People Population growth rate Time

  13. Britain

  14. World Population

  15. Population pyramid • Populationpyramid.net

  16. Population pyramid • Populationpyramid.net

  17. Population pyramid • Populationpyramid.net

  18. Population pyramid • Populationpyramid.net

  19. Population pyramid • Populationpyramid.net

  20. The Problem for the West • Dependency ratio

  21. “Overpopulation” • Are there too many people in the world?

  22. Overpopulation debate The ‘Yes’ view: • 3rd World cities are teeming with crowded, overflowing slums • Pressure on resources, leading to local deforestation and pollution • As large countries like India and China industrialize, their energy use and pollution emissions will soar • The only solution is to reduce population

  23. Overpopulation debate The ‘No’ view: • 3rd World is urbanizing but has weak property rights rules in expanding cities, which gives rise to slums • Even small populations can overexploit badly-managed resources. • As large countries like India and China get wealthy, their energy use will get more efficient and pollution emissions will be better managed • Birth rates are falling rapidly around the world and dependency ratios are unsustainable

  24. Next Resources, Scarcity & Growth

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