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Gasoline

Gasoline. By Guillermo Maxi. Raw Materials. A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons with four to twelve carbon atoms. Typically heptane (C 7 H 14 ), octane ( C 8 H 18 ), and nonane (C 9 H 18 ) .

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Gasoline

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  1. Gasoline By Guillermo Maxi

  2. RawMaterials • A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons with four to twelve carbon atoms. • Typically heptane (C7H14), octane (C8H18), and nonane (C9H18). • These hydrocarbons are refined from crude petroleum and classify into three groups: paraffins,olefins, and aromatics •  Modern gasoline fuels includes antivarnishing agents, detergents, and oxidation and rust inhibitors.

  3. Distilling Process • Heat up crude oil until it boils or vaporizes. • The vapors are separated into fractions or groups of hydrocarbons with differing condensation points. • In a refinery's fractionating tower, hot oil vapors pass upward, becoming cooler as they rise. The heavier fractions condense near the bottom of the tower. • Gasoline condenses near the top.

  4. Cracking Processes • Originally, Thermal cracking consisted of applying high pressure and intense heat to break complex hydrocarbons into lighter compounds. • Catalytic Cracking implements a catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions. However, it doesn’t required high pressures. • Gasoline having high octane number will burn more smoothly in engines.

  5. Properties • It’s dyed, flammable, and has distinctive odor. • Gasolines are blended from hundreds of hydrocarbons, and different combinations are produced to meet the needs of different engines and to prevent engine knock. • A high octane number produces less knocking. Regular gasoline generally has an octane number of 87 and premium gasoline between 91 to 94.

  6. Altering Properties • More volatile mixtures improve cold-weather starting, while less volatile mixtures are produced for warm-weather periods in order to forestall vapor lock.  • Tetraethyl lead used to be added to gasoline in order to reduce engine knock. It is a toxic substance and damages catalyst. It is banned. • Combining gasoline with ethanol or methanol formed gasohol. It reduces hydrocarbon emissions but releases formaldehyde which is carcinogen.

  7. Work Citied • Trench, C. J. (2014). Gasoline. The New Book of Knowledge. Retrieved August 27, 2014, from Grolier Online http://nbk.grolier.com/ncpage?tn=/encyc/article.html&id=a2011430-h&type=0ta • Volti, R. Gasoline. In Science online. Retrieved from http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=ffests0371&SingleRecord=True • "Gasoline." UXL Science. U*X*L, 2009. Student Resources in Context. Web. 27 Aug. 2014. • "Oil refining." UXL Science. U*X*L, 2008. Student Resources in Context. Web. 27 Aug. 2014.

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