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Instructors name Semester, 200_

Instructors name Semester, 200_. Chapter Objectives. Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. Name the primary sources of solid wastes.

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Instructors name Semester, 200_

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  1. Instructors name Semester, 200_

  2. Chapter Objectives • Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. • Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. • Name the primary sources of solid wastes. • List and briefly explain the four approaches to solid waste management.

  3. Chapter Objectives • Define hazardous wastes. • Explain the difference between sanitary and secured landfills. • Identify the five approaches to hazardous waste management. • Explain what is meant by the term Superfund. • Explain the Pollution Standard Index (PSI).

  4. Chapter Objectives • Briefly describe acid rain, ozone layer, global warming, and photochemical smog. • Identify the major indoor air pollutants. • Explain the difference in point source and nonpoint source pollution. • Identify the categories of water pollution.

  5. Chapter Objectives • Briefly describe waste water treatment. • List means of conserving water. • Name the primary sources of radiation. • Explain how nuclear wastes are handled in the United States. • Identify the two basic characteristics of sound. • Identify steps to reduce problems associated with noise pollution.

  6. Introduction to Environment • External conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or a community of organisms. • Ecology • Biosphere

  7. Natural Environmental Hazards • Natural hazards • Biology hazards • Insect • Microbiological • Vegetation • Psychological hazards • Stress • Boredom • Anxiety • Sociological hazards • Overcrowding • Isolation • Anomie

  8. Residues & Wastes from Humans • Factors contributing • urbanization • industrialization • human population growth • production and use of disposable products

  9. Types of Wastes and Pollution • Solid wastes • Hazardous Waste • Water and its pollution • Radiation • Noise pollution

  10. Solid Waste • Sources of solid waste • agriculture • mining • industry • municipalities • utilities • Decomposing waste

  11. Sources of Waste

  12. Solid Waste • Solid wastes management • collection • disposal • sanitary landfills • incineration • recycling • source reduction

  13. Hazardous Waste A product that may 1.cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serous irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness, or 2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.

  14. Hazardous Waste • Management • Secured landfill - least expensive • Deep well injection • Incineration of Hazardous waste • Hazardous Waste Recycling and Neutralization • Source Reduction

  15. Hazardous Waste • Cleanup • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act • Superfund

  16. Air Pollution • Contaminants of Outdoor Air • transportation • electric power plants • industry - mills & refineries • National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Pollutant Standard Index

  17. Special Concerns with Outdoor Air • Acid Rain • Destruction of the Ozone Layer • chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • Global Warming • greenhouse gases • greenhouse effect • Photochemical Smog • thermal inversion

  18. Indoor Air • Indoor Air Pollutants • asbestos • formaldehyde • radon • environmental tobacco smoke • volatile organic compounds • Air Quality and Conservation • sick building syndrome • ventilation • testing

  19. Water Pollution • Sources of water • Treatment of water for use • coagulation and flocculation • sedimentation • filtration • disinfection

  20. Sources of Water Pollution • Point source pollution - single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water. • nonpoint source pollution - all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, of falling of pollutants into the water.

  21. Types of Water Pollutants • Biological pollutants • pathogens • overgrowth of aquatic plants • Toxic pollutants • inorganic chemicals • radioactive materials • synthetic organic chemicals

  22. Water Quality • Strategies to ensure safe water • policy • water treatment • municipal waste water treatment • primary treatment • secondary treatment • tertiary treatment • septic systems • conservation

  23. Radiation • Sources • Naturally • Cosmic radiation - sun & outer space • Terrestrial radiation - Earth & its minerals • Internal radiation - inside the body from ingestion • Human-made • X-rays • Nuclear medicine • Nuclear weapons

  24. Sources of Radiation

  25. Radiation • Danger • Roentgen equivalent man - REMS • damage cells & tissues • Policy • USDE • Nuclear waste disposal is highly controversial

  26. Noise Pollution • Measure by annoyance factor • Frequency • cycles per second • hertz • vibrations per second • Amplitude • decibels (dB) • Noise abatement • Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972 • Education programs • Environmental changes

  27. Chapter 15 Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution

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