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The Birth of Jim Crow:

The Birth of Jim Crow:. Blacks and Whites in the Post-Reconstruction South. Timeline. 1877: Hayes Compromise 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson 1905: “Jim Crow” laws thruout South. Work in South. Per capita income static, 1880-1900 1900: 6% workers in manufacturing. Education.

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The Birth of Jim Crow:

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  1. The Birth of Jim Crow: Blacks and Whites in the Post-Reconstruction South

  2. Timeline • 1877: Hayes Compromise • 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson • 1905: “Jim Crow” laws thruout South

  3. Work in South • Per capita income static, 1880-1900 • 1900: 6% workers in manufacturing

  4. Education • Ad hoc schools; opportunity for black women Clifton FL Colored School, c. 1900

  5. Violence • KKK other paramilitary • Anti-black political leadership/resistance • 3000 lynched 1880-1900 1889

  6. Lynching • Lynchings thruout US • White & Black • GA, MS, TX highest Okemah, OK 1911

  7. Anti-Violence "They had made me an exile and threatened my life for hinting at the truth."[8 ] • Anti-lynching campaign, 1892 Ida B. Wells, 1862-1931

  8. Plessy v. Ferguson • 1896 • Separate but equal: constitutional • Legal justification for segregation until Brown v. Board, 1954 Homer Plessy, Octoroon

  9. Southern Segregation

  10. Segregated South • separate toilets, fountains, pools, hospitals, parks, schools, ball fields, cabs, libraries. • separate sections of theaters, busses, trains. • interracial marriage prohibited

  11. Segregated South • Served after whites in stores. • Required to address whites as Mr., Mrs. Etc. while called “boy,” “aunty,” etc. • Required to remove hat when greeting, make way on sidewalk, approach back door.

  12. Boon to Black Business “Negro Wall Street” Durham NC, c. 1900 “Negro Wall Street” Tulsa OK, c. 1920

  13. Black Leadership • First principal, Tuskegee Normal School, 1881 • National prominence, 1895 Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915

  14. Black Leadership • First black teacher, DC Schools • Leader, NACWC • Founding member, NAACP Mary Church Terrell, c. 1900

  15. Black Leadership • First black Ph.D. from Harvard • Professor, writer • Founder, Niagara Movement, 1905 (NAACP) WEB DuBois, Paris, 1900

  16. Reconstruction Amendments • 13th – Banned slavery in the U.S. (?) • 14th – gave all blacks same rights – Bill of Rights • 15th - Black MEN could vote

  17. Homer Plessy’s Grave

  18. Homer Plessy

  19. Also buried near Plessy

  20. Questions? Calhoun, AL Colored School, c. 1900

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