Disruptive threats, e.g.: ASATs Cyber-attacks Oil as weapon Debt financing as weapon

1. Global commons, e.g.: • Climate change • Ocean collapse International Security Threats in the 21st Century: A Framework Colin H. Kahl University of Minnesota • Disruptive threats, e.g.: • ASATs • Cyber-attacks • Oil as weapon • Debt financing as weapon

2. Demographics Info Technologies Globalization Systemic threats Actor/ capability- based threats “Traditional” “Emerging” • Global commons, e.g.: • Climate change • Ocean collapse • Global commons, e.g.: • Climate change • Ocean collapse Return of multipolarity Return of multipolarity AQ/salafist jihadism as “movement” • Pandemics, e.g.: • HIV/AIDS • Avian flu Energy shortages • Irregular challenges, e.g.: • Failed states • Transnational insurgency • AQ as “organization”/ “network” • Rise of conventional competitors, e.g.: • China • India • Russia • Disruptive threats, e.g.: • ASATs • Cyber-attacks • Oil weapon • Debt financing weapon • Disruptive threats, e.g.: • ASATs • Cyber-attacks • Oil as weapon • Debt financing as weapon • Catastrophic, e.g.: • Nuclear proliferation • BW proliferation • Catastrophic, e.g.: • Nuclear proliferation • BW proliferation