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Gravity and free fall Pg. 10

Gravity and free fall Pg. 10. Physics terms. Define the conditions for free fall. Describe and analyze the motion of objects in free fall using the equations for constant acceleration. acceleration quadratic equation free fall. Objectives. Equations. x (or x f )  final position

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Gravity and free fall Pg. 10

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  1. Gravity and free fallPg. 10

  2. Physics terms • Define the conditions for free fall. • Describe and analyze the motion of objects in free fall using the equations for constant acceleration. • acceleration • quadratic equation • free fall Objectives

  3. Equations x (or xf) finalposition x0 (or xi) initialposition V0 (or Vi ) initialvelocity t time a acceleration • V (or Vf)  final velocity • V0 (or Vi ) initial velocity • a acceleration • t time

  4. What is free fall? An object is in freefall whenever it moves solelyunder the influence of gravity, regardless of its direction. A ball thrown up, with negligible air resistance A ball launched at ANY angle, as long as there is negligible air resistance A ball falling down, with negligible air resistance

  5. Gravity and free fall Near Earth’s surface, free-falling objects have a downwardaccelerationof -9.8m/s2. If an object is dropped from rest, then . . . • after 1 second its velocity is: -9.8 m/s. • after 2 seconds its velocity is: -19.6 m/s. • after 3 seconds its velocity is: __?___ • after 10 seconds its velocity is: __?___

  6. Gravity and free fall Near Earth’s surface, free-falling objects have a downward acceleration of -9.8 m/s2. If an object is dropped from rest, then . . . • after 1 second its velocity is: -9.8 m/s. • after 2 seconds its velocity is: -19.6 m/s. • after 3 seconds its velocity is: -29.4 m/s • after 10 seconds its velocity is: -98 m/s

  7. Describe free fall with equations The free fall equations are identical to the equations for motion with constant acceleration: The only difference is that you alreadyknow the acceleration because it is always -9.8 m/s2.

  8. Find your reaction time Use this equation for free fall to find your own reaction time—the time to catch a falling ruler. Make a prediction first: Will your reaction time be in seconds? Tenths of a second? Hundredths of a second?

  9. Find your reaction time Rest your hand off the edge of the desk. Your partner will hold a ruler vertically, with the 0 cm end even with your thumb.

  10. Find your reaction time Your partner will release the ruler. Catch it with your thumb and finger.

  11. Find your reaction time Record the free fall distance x, from the 0 cm end of the ruler to where your fingers catch it. x

  12. Find your reaction time, treaction Solve for treaction. What is x0? What is v0? What is a? Use the interactive calculator on page 117 to check your work.

  13. Gravity and free fall If an object is dropped from rest then . . . • after 1 second its velocity is -9.8 m/s. • after 2 seconds its velocity is -19.6 m/s. • after 3 seconds its velocity is -29.4 m/s. • after 4 seconds its velocity is -39.2 m/s. • . . . . and so on . . . . REALLY? Do falling objects REALLY keep moving faster and faster?

  14. Gravity and free fall Do falling objects REALLY keep moving faster and faster? No! In real life there is air resistance. As fallingobjects speed up, the forceof air resistance increases. When the air resistance gets as strongas the force of gravity, the falling object stopsaccelerating.

  15. Terminal velocity Most objects reach this terminal velocity within a few seconds of being dropped. Terminal velocity is the final maximum velocity an object reaches because of air resistance. A falling human has a terminal velocity of about 140 miles per hour(or about 60 m/s).

  16. Terminal velocity Parachutesincreaseair resistance. Openinga parachute changesthe terminal velocityfrom a fast, deadlyspeed to a low, safespeed.

  17. A skydiving trip When did the parachute open? When did the parachuter reach terminal velocity?

  18. When can motion be treated as free fall? Free fallis NOTa good approximation for lightobjects, or an object with a large surface area compared to its weight (like a parachute).

  19. When can motion be treated as free fall? Free fall is a very good approximation for solid, dense objects droppedfrom tenmetersor so. For these situations, airresistancecan be ignored. The symbol gis often used when the accelerationof an object is due onlyto gravity.

  20. Solving free fall problems Be sure to GUESS Write the equations of motion, substituting g for a. 3) Eliminate any terms that are zero. 4)Work out a solution strategy.

  21. Example 1 From what height should you drop a ball if you want it to hit the ground in exactly 1.0 second? Given: Unknown: Equation: Substitution: Solution:

  22. Example 1 From what height should you drop a ball if you want it to hit the ground in exactly 1.0 second? Given: Unknown: Equation: Substitution: Solution: x = -4.9m

  23. Example 2 Toughie! How far does an object have to fall to reach a speed of 10 m/s (neglecting friction)? Given: Unknown: Equation: Substitution: Solution:

  24. Example 2 Toughie! How far does an object have to fall to reach a speed of 10 m/s (neglecting friction)? Given: Unknown: Equation: Substitution: Solution: x = -5.1m

  25. An object thrown upward This ball thrown upward is in free fall as soon as the person is no longer touching it. If the ball leaves the boy’s hand with an upward velocity of 15 m/s, how fast is it moving one second later? Think: What is the sign of v0? What is the sign of a? This makes sense. The ball must lose 9.8 m/s each second!

  26. An object thrown upward Here is the position-time graph for the ball thrown up at +15 m/s. • What is the highest height the ball reaches? • About 11.2 meters • How do you know? • This is the farthest point from it’s origin (0m)

  27. A pitcher on a baseball team throws a high lob across home plate. For each part of this event described below, is the ball in free fall with a constant acceleration of 1 g? • The outfielder is winding up to throw the ball. • The ball is in the air, rising to the top of its arc. • The ball is in the air, descending toward the plate. • The bat is connecting with the ball. Assessment 1

  28. A pitcher on a baseball team throws a high lob across home plate. For each part of this event described below, is the ball in free fall with a constant acceleration of 1 g? • The outfielder is winding up to throw the ball. • No • The ball is in the air, rising to the top of its arc. • Yes • c) The ball is in the air, descending toward the plate. • Yes • d) The bat is connecting with the ball. • No Assessment 1 Answer

  29. A ball is thrown straight upward at 18 m/s. • How long does it take to reach its highest point? • b) What height does it reach, assuming it started at zero height? Assessment 2

  30. A ball is thrown straight upward at 15 m/s. • How long does it take to reach its highest point? • asked: time • given: v0= 15 m/s, v = 0 m/s, a = g= -9.8 m/s2 • relationship: • solution: Assessment 2 Answer part a

  31. A ball is thrown straight upward at 15 m/s. • What height does it reach, assuming it started at zero height? • asked: the height, which is x. • given: t= 1.5 s, v0 = 15 m/s, v= 0 m/s, a = g= -9.8 m/s2 • relationship: • solution: Assessment 2 Answer part b

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