The Victorian era

1. The Victorian era By: Kayla Benjamin Period 4 March 26th, 2013.

2. The START OF VICTORIAN ERA • Queen Victoria was the ruler during the Victorian Era. (June 20th, 1837-January 22nd, 1901) • She reigned a period of peace and happiness throughout Britain. • Many positive transformations took place during this era.

3. Victorian era • Victorian society contained many extended families that lived by hard work and had many responsibilities. • Many different social imbalances were a result from the Industrial Revolution. • Nearing the end of the 1800’s, more than 80% of Britain's population lived various cities.

4. Life during the Victorian era • Railroad networks made it possible for citizens to travel to different areas on the mainland. • The most used line during this time ran from London to Brighton. • Interests in arts, theatre opera, music, and novels rose tremendously during this time.

5. Roles in the family. • The father was the head of the household. • The mother of the household was a wife and a mother, but without the same rights men had. • Women were forced to take care of their children and maintain their homes.

6. Social classes • If you were an upper class woman- you were treated with upmost respect. • Middle class- most people worked in factories(often compared to prison) for fourteen hour days with horrible conditions. • Middle class children- from the ages 5-10 years, you worked for free with only food and certain accommodations rewarded to you.

7. Population rises • 1801 - 864,845 • 1811 - 1,009,546 • 1821 - 1,225,694 • 1831 - 1,474,069 • 1841 - 1,870,727 • 1851 - 2,362,236 • 1861 - 2,803, 921 • 1871 - 3,300,000

8. Diseases during the Victorian era • Diseases during the Victorian era were almost unavoidable. • More diseases were passed around more so in cities, rather than the rural areas. • Children were faced with diseases like bronchitis, Rickets disease, pneumonia, and measles. • Infants had a lot of difficulty dealing with diarrhea and in many cases killed them in about 48 hours.

9. Diseases continued.. • Children who had battled through childhood diseases were only left to face more as they grew older. • Scarlet fever diarrhea and small pox were a major issue. • From 1840-1870 death was very common in England. • Scarlet fever became much more brutal when it reached it’s epidemic stage. It took the lives of thousands. • The Victorian era was indeed a very rough time to live in.

10. Treatments • Treatments and medicine were very risky and dangerous. • Having an amputation was very common during this time. • The first vaccine ever was created during this time however. • Most methods were dangerous and needed a lot of evaluating.

11. Life changing events during the era. • In the year of 1826, the first ever photograph was taken by Joseph Nicophore Niepce. • In 1829, catholic emancipation put an end to many restrictions on different rights and laws on property ownership. • In 1832, the Representation of the People Act introduced many various changed to the electoral system of England and Wales.

12. Slavery banned • Slavery existed in the British Isles before any Roman occupation. • Slavery was put to an end because of the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833. • Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights is where the laws on slavery are found.

13. WOMEN STRUGGLE WITH RIGHTS • After you’re married, your significant other and yourself are considered one person (according to law) • After “becoming one”, women’s identity completely vanished. • When a women got married, all her property is given to her husband.

14. Women gain property rights • In 1882, an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom made it possible and legal from women to completely have ownership of their property. • Women’s identity was also completely restored and we’re looked at as individuals. • Women could also contain a stock under their names, and buy and sell property.

15. First commercial telegraph • During the month of May in 1837, William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone became partners and eventually patented a five needle telegraph where five wires were needed in order to work correctly. • The first commercial telegraph made in UK was used and installed on the Great Western Railway. • This specific railway connected Paddington with West Drayton.

16. Penny Postage Stamp • On May 6th, 1840 the penny postage stamp was introduced. • The stamp had Queen Victoria’s picture on it, which remained on the stamp for the next 60 years. • The creator of the stamp was a schoolmaster from England by the name of Rowland Hill. • Hill was also the inventor of uniform postage rates.

17. 1840 Marriage. • Victoria got married to her first cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. • Victoria and Prince Albert’s nine children married into the royal family and well known noble men all throughout the continent. • Victoria earned the nickname “grandmother of England” due to the way her family had spread out across the continent. • After a happy marriage together, Albert later died in 1861. • Victoria fell into deep depression and refused to be seen in public.

18. Victoria’s reign. • Queen Victoria is remembered for many reasons. • She ruled longer than any other British Monarch in history. • Changes with industry, culture, laws, politics, and military's took place during her 63years of reign.

19. Cholera Outbreak • The Broad Street Cholera Outbreak occurred during 1854 in London, England. • This outbreak is linked to Dr. John Snow, who studied what spread cholera. • He discovered the disease was spread by water, but many people objected to his studies. • By the end of the horrible outbreak due to unsanitary living conditions, 616 people had died.

20. Bizarre Deaths • People died in a number of strange and ironic ways. • A women by the name of Jane Goodwin was once carried out of church and later passed away. Her corset caused her tragic death. It was simply laced too tight. • In other cases, people have passed away due to other strange faults. Mr. Edwin Clayton had passed away due to suffocation. He had swallowed his dentures because at the time they did not fit your mouth perfectly.

21. Highlights of the Victorian era • The Victorian Era was a time of poetry and novels. • Charles Dickens was the most remarkable author during her first years of reign. He wrote Pickwick Papers in 1836. • The three Bronte sisters also helped with the era. • Thomas Hardy then took the spot light when his life’s work of poems were published in 1898.

22. Alfred Lord Tennyson1809-1892 • Alfred Tennyson was a main contribution to the Victorian Era. • Alfred expressed his hard times in life through poetry. Although he had experienced many casualties and the loss of close family and friends, he was able to bring his emotions and feelings into a perspective one could easily understand. • Tennyson believed having faith and keeping faith were difficult. • One of his most famous elegies was named “In Memoriam”, which was written for his deceased life long friend.

23. Robert and Elizabeth Browning • The Browning’s create a view of two different types of writing. • Robert Browning had very little schooling but was brought up by a father who owned a library. He had an appetite for learning at a young age. (“My Last Duchess” “Life in a Love” “Porphyria’s Lover”.) • Elizabeth Browning also had very little education. She was only ten when she was reading Shakespeare. She endeavored many obstacles in life, but always stuck with writing poetry. (“Sonnet 43”)

24. Charles Dickens1812-1870 • Charles Dickens was brought up in a unfair and unhappy childhood. He worked in a factory because his father was sent to prison. • Dickens stood out for the fact that every week he would write a brand new episode rather than writing a full story beforehand. He is an iconic man and will never leave literature history. • Most well known novel: “A Christmas Carol.” • Dickens became a professional actor in 1832.

25. Charlotte Bronte1816-1855 • One of the most important women writers during the Victorian Era although only two of her poems are well known across the world in today’s age. • Bronte eventually stopped writing poetry, and picked up another hobby she is well known for. She was the author of Jane Eyre and is most known for her songs located in the novel. • Bronte was an prime example of the style of literature written and enjoyed at the time.

26. Matthew Arnold and Rudyard Kipling • Kipling was the first ever English man to be rewarded to Nobel Prize for literature. • Matthew Arnold issued two volumes of poetry which started off his future of becoming a poet. He is also known for being the first professor at Oxford to give a speech in English. He was remembered to be a great poet, but also a critic. • Kipling was a very well known fictional writer. He is most remembered by his book: “The Jungle Book”.

27. Emily Bronte and Thomas Hardy • Emily Bronte is best known for writing “Remembrance”. She expressed very deep, honest, and passionate emotion while writing “Wuthering Heights” which at the time was deeply criticized . Her book is now known as a classic. • Thomas Hardy is the author of “The Darkling Thrush”, and “Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?”. Growing up he received a proper education and started writing when he had met his first wife. • He has a very deep Victorian style to him, but his sarcastic remarks and off rhymes made him more of an interest and more of a mystery.

28. Gerard Manley Hopkins and A.E. Housman • Hopkins began writing poetry in grammar school. In the 1870’s, he began writing again expect with a different rhythm and a new approach. • His most well known poems are “God’s Grandeur” and “Spring and Fall: To a Young Child”. • A.E. Housman is the author of “To an Athlete Dying Young” and “When I was One-and-Twenty”. He grew up in Worcestershire, London. He spent most of his life teaching, but we known him because of his three different volumes of poetry that have made their mark on history. • His poems show deep feelings, and he believed what he wrote should always affect the reader.

29. Thank You! • By: Kayla Benjamin. • Period 4. • March 26th,2013.