CONFINED SPACE ENTRY TRAINING

1. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY TRAINING Presented by: UM-Flint Environment,Health and Safety Department

2. Training Outline • What is a confined space? General overview of UM-Flint’s CSE program • Evaluation/Control of Atmospheric Hazards • Elimination/Control of Other Hazards • Entry Procedures • (General, Hazardous & Hot Work entry permits) • Evacuation & Rescue • Discussion of CS Scenarios & related equip. • Working w/ Contractors • Video “Life & Death Series CSE”

3. Training Goal • Refresh and update employees knowledge of CSE procedures • Discuss roles/responsibilities • Familiarize new employees with the UMF confined spaces, associated hazards and entry procedures. • Provide employees with guidelines to: • Identify confined spaces • Evaluate confined spaces • Enter confined spaces in accordance with MIOSHA regulations and UM guidelines. • Discuss concerns or non-routine entries.

4. Confined Space Entry Program • Prevent Unauthorized Entry • Identify Permit Space Hazards • Develop & Follow Safe Entry Procedures (use entry permit as guide) • Conclude Entry (close out permit) • Coordinate Entry Operations between University departments as well as with non-University agencies i.e. FFD, MPC • Program Evaluation & Review/Revise

5. Section 1:What is a Confined Space? • A space that meets ALL THREE of the following criteria: • Has limited means of entry or exit. • Is large enough for a person to enter and perform work. • Is not designed for continuous human occupancy. • Employer must evaluate a space based on the Definition…. NOT on whether or not you may enter the space (per MIOSHA)

6. Types of Confined Spaces • Non-permit required • Permit required • General permit … c(5) or c(7) entry • Hazardous permit • Hot Work

7. Non-Permit Required • Meets confined space definition, and • Has adequate ventilation, and • Does not contain any hazards that can cause death or harm, and • There is absolutely no potential for a hazardous atmosphere.

8. Permit Required • Meets confined space definition and • limited means of entry or exit. • large enough for a person to enter and work. • Is not designed for continuous occupancy. • Has inadequate ventilation, or • Has a hazardous health or safety condition, or • (i.e. engulfment; internal configuration that could trap/asphyxiate; converging wall, sloped/taper floor; entrapment; exposed electrical/mechanical parts, etc.) • Has a known or potential hazardous atmosphere.

9. Confined Space Evaluation • Is it a confined space? • Is it a permit required confined space? • What hazards are present? Source? • Can hazards be eliminated? Controlled? • What type of permit is required? • What procedures/equipment will be used to protect the entrants? • Use UM-f Space Evaluation form…

10. UM Evaluation Form

11. Types of Permits • General Entry Permit • Hazardous Entry Permit • Hot Work Entry Permit

12. Confined Space Entry Permit

13. Confined Space?

14. Confined Space?

15. Confined Space?

16. What Type of Permit?

17. Confined Space?

18. Campus Utility Tunnels • UMF utility tunnels are not considered confined spaces because: • Ventilated and lighted • Designed for human occupancy • Not generally hazardous • However, caution must be taken when performing work in tunnels • Buddy system, radio communications/notifications, other regulations do apply… could be upgraded. • AA-OSEH is developing a new Tunnel Safety Program… many of AA’s tunnels are CS.

19. Section 2:Atmospheric Hazards • How Chemicals Enter Body • Acute and Chronic Effects • Exposure Limits • Identifying Atmospheric Hazards • UEL/LEL • Vapor Density

20. Routes of Entry • Skin Absorption • Inhalation • Ingestion • Injection

21. Health Effects • Acute • immediate or short term effect • Chronic • delayed or long term effect

22. Warning Signs • Dizziness/Disorientation • Weakness in knees/abnormal breathing • Blurred vision/profuse sweating • Chest pains/headaches • Loss of coordination/ringing in ears • Skin irritation/irregular heartbeat • Lethargy or excitedness

23. What is an Atmospheric Hazard? • Oxygen >23.5% or <19.5% • Flammables at >10% LEL • Above OSHA/MIOSHA PEL • IDLH • Combustible Dusts • Unknown chemical spill

24. Sources of Hazardous Atmospheres • Spaces with known hazardous chemicals/substances • Spaces that lack ventilation • Spaces that have the potential to transfer a hazardous atmosphere • Spaces with a work induced hazardous atmosphere

25. Permissible Exposure Limits • OSHA • 8 Hour TWA • STEL • Ceiling Limit • Contact EHS for monitoring of contaminants not monitored for by standard meters

26. Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere • <19.5% • Sources: work induced, rusting, gases that displace oxygen • Simple Asphyxiants: Displace oxygen (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) • Chemical Asphyxiant: Prevent body from using oxygen (carbon monoxide)

27. Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere • 23.0% or Greater • Sources: Welding, or oxygen gas lines • Increase fire and explosion hazard • Never use oxygen to ventilate space

28. Vapors and Gases • Vapor: Gaseous state of material normally found as liquid or solid at normal temperature and pressure • Gas: Material that is found as a formless fluid at normal temperature and pressure

29. LEL/LFL and UEL/UFL • LEL: Lowest concentration can ignite • UEL: Highest Concentration can ignite • Example: Gasoline LEL 1%, UEL 8% • In between is explosive • Consideration: Atmosphere above the UEL, when ventilated may create an explosive atmosphere

30. LEL Safety Factor • OSHA: 10% of LEL or Greater • Example: LEL for Methane is 5% • Meter alarm at 10% of 5% (i.e., 0.5%) • If exceeded (meter alarms), leave the space and Contact supervisor and EHS.

31. Combustible Dusts • Metal Powders - Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc • Wood Products - Dust, Paper • Rubber/Plastic/Spices/Food Products • Rule of Thumb - Obscure Vision 5 Feet or Less –high potential for combustion given the right conditions.

32. Toxic or Poisonous Atmospheres • Most Common: • Carbon Monoxide (CO) • Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) • Methane (CH4) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

33. Carbon Monoxide (CO) • Colorless, odorless & tasteless • Product incomplete combustion • Causes chemical asphyxiation • Slightly lighter than air • MIOSHA PEL 35 PPM, OSHA PEL 50 PPM

34. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) • Rotten egg odor • Petroleum/Organic matter decay • Found in sewers or petroleum holding tanks • <10 PPM

35. Methane (CH4) • Colorless, odorless & flammable • Petroleum/Organic matter decay • Lighter than air • Meter alarms – 10% of LEL

36. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Colorless, odorless & tasteless • Byproduct of respiration and complete combustion • Heavier than air

37. Other Atmospheric Hazards • Materials in the space • Work induced hazards (e.g., welding, painting, solvents) • Review history of space • Contact EHS if other contaminants are suspected

38. Vapor Density • Heavier than Air: Sinks • Lighter than Air: Rises • Air Vapor density = 1 • <1 Lighter, >1 Heavier • Most contaminants are heavier than air • The few that are lighter, are usually flammable and very toxic

39. Section 3:Evaluation & Control of Atmospheric Hazards • Air Monitoring Equipment and Procedures • Ventilating, Flushing or Purging • PPE – only after engineer controls

40. Air Monitoring • Contaminants may not be detected by sight or smell • Two Types of Direct Reading: • Electronic – Bacharach 4-gas monitor • Detector Tubes – Drager pump • Always monitor for oxygen, LEL and expected toxics (CO, H2S)

41. BACHARACH Sentinel 44 • UM-F’s Four Gas Monitor - Sentinel 44 • % Oxygen, % LEL, Carbon Monoxide (PPM), H2S (PPM) • Alarms: • O2 - <19.5% or > 23.0%, • LEL - > 10%, • CO - >35 ppm • H2S - >10 ppm

42. Air Monitoring Precautions • Alarm Goes Off – leave the space, contact EHS and supervisor • Other contaminants known or suspected, contact EHS for monitoring assistance

43. Air Monitoring Procedure • Ensure monitor has been calibrated • Turn monitor on and let warm up • Verify monitor is functioning properly • Zero sensors in clean ambient air-outside the CS • Keep sensor heads exposed • Test space before opening the hatch • Monitor for oxygen first…

44. Air Monitoring - Testing Order

45. Air Monitoring (continued) • Monitor every four feet • Monitor vertically & horizontally • Record results on permit • Before work, periodically during work, and after breaks • Continuously monitor – confidence tone or ”beep”

46. Air Monitoring Limitations • Sensors must be calibrated and replaced periodically – Contact EHS • LEL sensor needs oxygen to work • LEL sensor is calibrated for one gas -Methane • Sensors can take up to 2 minutes to accurately display concentrations • Some gases and RF emissions interfere with sensor accuracy

47. Flushing/Purging of Space • Lock Out/Tag Out Feeds • Can use air, steam, water, etc. • Removes chemical or decomposition hazards • Drain or pump out • Ventilate with fresh air when complete

48. Ventilation • Natural • Mechanical (General or Local) • portable/intrinsically safe • Air monitoring determines adequate ventilation

49. General Ventilating Technique • Perform air monitoring • Extend duct into space • Open all access points • Keep duct as short/straight as possible • Ensure intake is at clean air source • Ventilate 15 minutes prior to entry • Continue air monitoring

50. Local Exhaust Ventilation • Work induced contaminants • Space has acceptable atmosphere prior to work • Place duct opening at point of generation (air is pulled out of space)