跨文化交际 Cross-cultural Communication

1. 跨文化交际Cross-cultural Communication Unit 5 Roles and Relationships czl@ahut.edu.cn

2. Unit 5. Roles and Relationships Objectives: Different patterns and childrearing in different cultures Distinguish between cultural observation and cultural judgement Some possible differences in communication between males and females and explain possible reasons for such differences Some possible differences in the expression of friendship in different cultures Some possible differences in friend-making in different social classes Use different forms of transition to achieve unity and coherence in English writing

3. Unit 5. Roles and Relationships Warm up Activity 1. Child-rearing Activity 2. Family Relationships Activity 3. Communication between men and women Activity 4. Friendship Review

4. Warm up(P.176) • It will be discussed in this Unit different expectations toward different roles in different cultures between ——males and females, ——parents and children, ——and among friends.

5. Activity 1. Child-rearing • Task 1. Child-rearing(P.178) • Text 1 Australian Families and Chinese Families(P.179) • Task 2. Facts and differences

6. Activity 1. Child-rearing(continued) • Task 3. About Your Family (omitted) • Task 4. Different Cultures, Different Views

7. Activity 1. Child-rearing(continued) • Task 5. Viewing from different perspectives • Chinese may have different opinions towards Australian way of rearing children and vice versa. • Task 6. Observing without Judgement(P.185-187) • What are observations? What are judgments? • Misjudgment can lead to cross-cultural miscommunication. • Task 7. Vocabulary Study • ① revolve = move around • ② perspective = way of thinking • ③ counterparts = equivalents • ④ rude awakening = unpleasant surprise • ⑤ smack of = suggest • ⑥ fostering = encouraging • ⑦ inevitable = unavoidable • ⑧ corollary = result

8. Activity 2. Family Relationships • Task 1. A Few Qs about Traditional Chinese Families • Task 2. Chinese family relationships ---- a lecture(Listening)

9. Activity 2. Family Relationships(continued) • Task 3. Transition Markers (P. 192) • Transitional words or expressions: • 1. The first principle is that… • 2. The second principle of … • 3. Support itself, however, was not enough and this brings us on to the third principle. • 4. Balancing this third principle was a fourth. This is that… • 5. The final principle is that… • Task 4. Is it True in Your Family?(Oral English practice) • Task 5. The Traditional Family and Your Family(omitted) • Task 6. Expressions for Contrasting(Go back toText 1on P.179) • Paragraph 1: … is quite different. • Paragraph 2: This is in marked contrast to … • Paragraph3: … are more likely … than… • Paragraph 4: Whereas… • Paragraph 6: … runs counter to…

10. Activity 3. (P. 195)Communication between Men and Women • Task 1. Male and Female • Task 2. What are your preconceptions? • Preconception= an opinion formed in advance without actual knowledge • Task 3. Intimacy or Status, Connection or Independence? ◆Differences do exist in the way males and females communicate. ●What are some possible reasons for such differences? • ① Some of these differences stem from inborn differences bt. man and woman • ② The more significant differences are cultural. That is, there are social expectations(社会期望值) of how to be male or female. • ★Women tend to speak and hear a language ofconnection and intimacy, whereasmenspeak and hear a language ofstatus and independence.--- Deborah Tannen (American linguist)

11. Activity 3. (continued)Communication between Men and Women • Task 3. Intimacy or Status, Connection or Independence? (continued) • Explanation A: Asking for permission • While many women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn, many men feel free to make decisions without such consultation. • Explanation B: Who likes gossiping? • Men don’t like discussing their problems with anyone. And if they do, they tend to discuss them with their women friends. • Explanation C: Who brags? • Girls fear rejection by their peers if they appear too successful and boys don’t. • Explanation D: Who is indirect and polite? • Women are more likely to use indirectness as to them it has a double benefit. • Explanation E: Asking for information • Men are less likely than women to seek directions from others. (the sensitivity of men to issues of status有失身份的问题) • Explanation F: Who talks more? • Men talking more in public, but women holding forth(滔滔地说) more in the private.

12. Activity 3. (continued)Communication between Men and Women • Task 4. Difference and Dominance (Text 1 P.202) • Task 5. Transition within Paragraphs (omitted) • Task 6. Transition between Paragraphs (omitted) • Task 7. Use of Tentative Language • “usually”, “there are few if any opportunities”, “more likely” “may” • These words or phrases are used toavoid “over-generalization”. • Task 8. Vocabulary Study • Keys: 1. pursue, 2. induce 3. indicate 4. reinforces 5. adopting 6. emerged 7. enacted 8. provide • Task 9. Seeking Truth from Facts(omitted)

13. Activity 4.Friendship • Task 1. What does friendship mean to you? • Task 2. A Interview on Friendship (Listening) • Task 3. The Expression of Friendship (Listening) • Task 4. Friendship and Social Class (Listening) • Task 5. Spot Diction (Listening) • Task 6. Showing Agreement and Disagreement (Listening) • Task 7 Review

14. Review • 第五单元　角色和关系 • 内容：介绍社会角色如男和女、父母和孩子、朋友、社会身份等中的文化内涵。 • 教学目的：帮助学员分析社会角色和关系在不同文化中的期望值。 • 学习目标：意识到不同角色的不同期望值;意识到不同角色的不同责任;做到同其他文化背景的人交往时能够调整自己的期望值。