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Make a 3-tab foldable like the one below…. Label your tabs:. Participles. A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. Present Participles. Present participles consist of the plain form of the verb plus – ing . The pouring rain drove us inside.
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Participles • A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.
Present Participles • Present participles consist of the plain form of the verb plus –ing. • The pouring rain drove us inside. • Watching the clock, the coach became worried.
Present Participles • Although participles are formed from verbs, they are not used to stand alone as verbs; however, they may be used with a helping verb to from a verb phrase. • The rain was pouring. • The coach had been watching the clock.
Past Participles • Past participles usually consist of the plain form of the verb plus –d or –ed. Others are irregularly formed. • A peeled and sliced cucumber can be added to a salad. • The speaker, known for her eloquence, drew applause from the audience.
Past Participles • A past participle can also be part of a verb phrase. When it is used in a verb phrase, it is part of the verb, not an adjective. • She was told that tickets were available. • She has corrected her homework.
Practice • The prancing horses were loudly applauded by the delighted audience. • The colorful flags, waving in the breeze, brightened the gloomy day. • Swaggering and boasting, he made the entire team extremely angry. • The game scheduled for tonight has been postponed due to rain.
Check Your Answers • The prancing horses were loudly applauded by the delighted audience. • The colorful flags, waving in the breeze, brightened the gloomy day. • Swaggering and boasting, he made the entire team extremely angry. • The game scheduled for tonight has been postponed due to rain.
Gerund • A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
Gerunds • Singing is fun. • subject • Their favorite exercise is running. • Predicate nominative • Shelly likes swimming. • Direct object • Get special shoes for jogging. • Object of preposition ***Note: Gerunds could be replaced with IT***
Be careful with gerunds! • Just because it has an –ing doesn’t mean it’s a gerund: • Accepting the coach’s advice, she was planning to go on with her training.
Accepting the coach’s advice, she was planning to go on with her training. • Accepting is a present participle. • Planning is part of the verb phrase was planning. • Training is a gerund.
Practice • Her laughing attracted my attention. • By studying, you can improve your grades. • One requirement is boating.
Answers • Her laughing attracted my attention. • By studying, you can improve your grades. • One requirement is boating.
Infinitives • An infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by to, that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Infinitives • To love is to care. • noun • That was a record to beat. • adjective • Ready to go, we loaded the car. • adverb • Sabina Miller jumped to shoot. • adverb
Infinitives vs Prepositions • To + verb • To run • To read • To talk • To + noun • To school • To him • To the beach
Practice • Barbara’s ambition is to fly. • The road to take is the one on the left. • Fred has learned to dance. • I am happy to oblige. • An easy way to win at tennis does not exist.
Answer • Barbara’s ambition is to fly. • The road to take is the one on the left. • Fred has learned to dance. • I am happy to oblige. • An easy way to win at tennis does not exist.