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GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT CEVE 518 P.C. de Blanc C.J. Newell

GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT CEVE 518 P.C. de Blanc C.J. Newell. Lecture 3. Porosity and Density Continued Saturation and Water Content Darcy ’ s Law Hydraulic Head. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT CEVE 518 P.C. de Blanc C.J. Newell. Lecture 3.

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GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT CEVE 518 P.C. de Blanc C.J. Newell

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  1. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORTCEVE 518P.C. de BlancC.J. Newell Lecture 3 Porosity and Density Continued Saturation and Water Content Darcy’s Law Hydraulic Head

  2. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORTCEVE 518P.C. de BlancC.J. Newell Lecture 3 Porosity and Density Continued Saturation and Water Content Darcy’s Law Hydraulic Head

  3. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORTCEVE 518P.C. de BlancC.J. Newell Lecture 3 Porosity and Density Continued Saturation and Water Content Darcy’s Law Hydraulic Head

  4. Capillary Rise in a Tube Domenico and Schwartz, 1992.

  5. Soil Moisture Held by Capillary Pressure Charbeneau, 2000.

  6. Soil Water Characteristic Curve is a Function of pore size Capillary forces hold water tightly in small clay pores. Larger sand pores produce lower capillary pressures. r,and r,lay 0 nsand nclay Charbeneau, 2000.

  7. Soil Water Characteristic Curve is a Function of Sorting (Pore Size Distribution) Relatively wide range of pore sizes from small to large results in widely varying capillary pressures. Narrow range of particle sizes results in relatively small range of capillary pressures. Fetter, 1999.

  8. Soil Water Characteristic Curves Also Represent Water Content as a Function of Height Above Water Table Fetter, 1999.

  9. Capillary pressure May Be More Easily Conceived of as the Independent Variable nclay nsand clay water content sand -103 0 capillary pressure (increasing height above water table) Charbeneau, 2000.

  10. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORTCEVE 518P.C. de BlancC.J. Newell Lecture 3 Porosity and Density Continued Saturation and Water Content Darcy’s Law Hydraulic Head

  11. Who Was Darcy? • Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy was born June 10, 1803 in Dijon, France. • Admitted to the French School of Bridges and Roads in Paris, part of the Corps of Bridges and Roads. After graduation, he was eventually assigned by the Corps to a position in Dijon. • In 1828, Darcy designed a 12.7 km system of aqueducts to supply the city of Dijon with surface water. The system included 28,000 m of pressurized surface lines and required no pumps or filters. • Made important contributions to flow and friction loss in pipes, created an improved pitot tube design, and was the first to postulate the existance of a boundary layer in fluid flow. • In 1856, carried out experiments while researching sand filters that lead to Darcy’s Law. • Died unexpectedly January 3, 1858 from pneumonia during a trip to Paris.

  12. Darcy’s Experimental Apparatus Domenico and Schwartz, 1992.

  13. Darcy’s Experimental Data

  14. Darcy’s Experimental Data

  15. Darcy’s Data in English (One Experiment)

  16. Velocity through Porous Medium Pipe Porous Medium Solid Void Space Porosity = 0.5 “Porosity” = 0.5

  17. Darcy’s Legacy Place Darcy, Dijon, France.

  18. 39¢ 39¢ Can you Help the French Postal Service? Young Darcy Old Darcy

  19. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORTCEVE 518P.C. de BlancC.J. Newell Lecture 3 Porosity and Density Continued Saturation and Water Content Darcy’s Law Hydraulic Head

  20. Pressure and Elevation Heads - Laboratory  = pressure head z = elevation head h =  + z = total head Freeze and Cherry, 1979.

  21. Pressure and Elevation Heads - Field  = pressure head z = elevation head h = total head Freeze and Cherry, 1979.

  22. Horizontal and Vertical Head Gradients Freeze and Cherry, 1979.

  23. Two Confined Aquifers with Different Heads Groundwater will tend to flow from the top aquifer to the bottom aquifer. (Assuming that horizontal distance between piezometers is small) Charbeneau, 2000.

  24. Hydraulic Head is a Potential Field Hubbert (1940): potential – a physical quantity, capable of measurement at every point in a flow system, whose properties are such that flow always occurs from regions in which the quantity has a higher values of those in which it has lower, regardless of the direction in space. Potential fields and associated physical laws: Fluid Flux Head (Darcy’s Law) Temperature (Fourier’s Law) Conduction of heat in solids Concentration (Fick’s Law) Diffusion of chemicals Heat Flux Mass Flux

  25. Horizontal and Vertical Head Gradients Freeze and Cherry, 1979.

  26. Horizontal and Vertical Head Gradients Freeze and Cherry, 1979.

  27. Potentiometric Surface – Dakota Sandstone Domenico and Schwartz, 1992.

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