TETRA Positioning

1. TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

2. Agenda • Who needs PMR? • why the PMR is different • If PMR why TETRA? • what makes TETRA special? • Is TETRA for me? • who are TETRA users? • The Future • How futureproof is TETRA?

3. Who needs PMR? …. with cellular subscribers in their billions is there a need for PMR?

4. Needs of Professional Users Guaranteed service - under normal conditions and during incidents & even disasters - Planned capacity for emergency handling - Semi-duplex (only one channel per group per site) Fast group communications - Few hundred ms set-up time - Good dispatching facilities - Dynamic group management Specific functionality - Emergency calls (pre-emptive) - Security - Monitoring, - Status messages

5. Limitations of Cellular • It cannot guarantee service during emergencies and disasters • It cannot provide call set-up even with POC (PTT Over Cellular) • It cannot provide powerful dispatch functionality • It cannot provide special terminal functionality • Even POC systems need too many channels for big talkgroups

6. Time-criticality of call set-up Urgency & Importance of Info ‘Life or Death’ PMR Information Importance Cellular High (non- routine) Cordless Low-to- Medium (routine) Non-urgent <1 min Urgent <10 sec Immediate <1 sec

7. If PMR why TETRA ? … or what makes TETRA Special

8. Public Operator PAMR Private Operator PMR Private Operator PMR Self-provided PMR Self-provided PMR TETRA - Three Key Markets

9. Mobile Telephony Mobile Data Mobile Data Mobile Radio Mobile Radio TETRA Versatility

10. Traditional PMR Positioning Increasing Information Importance Non-Tactical Military Specialist Police and Security Customs and Excise PMR Fire and Ambulance Mineral Extraction Transport and Utilities Cellular Increasing User Base Business and General Commerce Fixed Telephony Consumer

11. Non-tactical Military (COTS) Police and Security Customs and Excise Fire and Ambulance Mineral Extraction Transport and Utilities Business and General Commerce Consumer New Market Positioning by TETRA PMR TETRA Increasing Information Importance Cellular - GSM Increasing User Base Fixed Telephony

12. 200kHz bandwidth 200 kHz carrier 8 channels GSM Half-rate GSM 200 kHz carrier 16 channels PMR 25 kHz 25 kHz channel 8 channels / 200 kHz PMR 12.5 kHz APCO25 (US) Tetrapol 12.5 kHz channels 16 channels / 200 kHz 25 kHz carrier 4 channels / carrier 32 channels / 200 kHz TETRA TETRA Spectrum Efficiency

13. TETRA-GSM Codec Comparison MOS=Mean Opinion Score MOS 4 Excellent quality : Imperceptible impairment MOS 3 Good quality : Just perceptible impairment, but not annoying

14. TETRA – Analogue FM Comparison 3 & 4 1 & 2 Comparison TETRA & analogue FM FM Quality TETRA ETSI demo 2 phrases Analogue 2 phrases TETRA Range 1 Male Moderate C/N 2 Female Moderate C/N 3 Male Poor C/N 4 Female Poor C/N

15. Features Traffic Channel (kHz) Wide Area Coverage (WAC) Inherent Ease of Duplex Telephony Services PMR Services Priority & Pre-emption Call set-up Time < 0.5 sec Group & Broadcast Call Queued Call Comprehensive Security Terminal Autonomy (DMO) Robust Low-rate Codec Concurrent Voice & Data TETRA 6.25 GSM 25 DECT 166.6 APCO25 12.5 ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü TETRA and Other Standards

16. TETRA – defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute Project 25 – defined as joint project of U.S. user (APCO, NASTD), government and industry (TIA) organisations TETRA / APCO 25 Comparison

17. Project 25 Strict Public Safety focus Focus on economic rural coverage and working in limited spectrum Voice centric services, data often in separate network U.S. centric standard Spectrum split and fragmented: VHF, UHF, 800 … TETRA Designed to meet the needs of various user groups Shared multi-agency PSS Smaller private networks Designed to support higher capacities Combining voice + data in same network from the beginning International standard from the beginning Harmonised radio spectrum for European emergency services Standardisation / Market Approach

18. Project 25 Single supplier dominance Interoperability still under planning Leader in U.S. PSS market Individual contracts in Asia-pacific & Latin America Handset prices even at 4000 – 5000 USD level ! TETRA Strong multi-vendor focus Working interoperability certification True multi-vendor experience Leading technology in Europe and Asia Latin American contracts Much lower equipment prices due to genuine competition Market Differences

19. Project 25 Many different paths tried, i.e. Conventional 12.5 kHz FDMA Trunked 12.5 kHz FDMA – trunking protocol came later than products 6.25 kHz FDMA – never implemented in products TETRA-like 25 kHz TDMA -failed Now trying 12.5 kHz TDMA – very slowly TETRA Trunked 4-slot TDMA from the beginning In TETRA standards many things were completed years ahead of Project 25: Intersystem Interface, roaming support Authentication, air interface encryption full duplex, handovers supplementary services to one-to-one calls Maturity of Standards

20. Project 25 - FDMA Traditionally assumptions, are large cells and lower capacity Benefits from high power mobile radios ( 10 to 30 W) Expensive when number of channels becomes high Growing requirement for higher user densities poses real technological challenge TETRA - TDMA Traditional assumption are small cells and higher capacity Can handle high capacity at lower cost Spectrum efficient Easy full duplex, simultaneous voice + data Improvements in TDMA BS receiver technology and multi-receiver diversity promise equal cell range Technical Comparison (1)

21. Project 25 Still only half duplex No handover signalling Supplementary services now under debate DTMF now debated Still very little of IP data seen in operational networks today Text messaging still being debated The new, still debated, features may finally appear in the yet non-existent TDMA standard, if at all ... TETRA Full duplex from the beginning Handovers during call Supplementary services related to one-to-one calls IP packet data in use for a while Text messaging from the beginning Much faster feature roll-out (due to competition?) Technical Comparison 2: Functionality

22. Project 25 Idea of international co-operation not visible in standards Inter-Subsystem Interface still ongoing Strong pressure from users asking for “interoperability” – in long term this may improve the standard TETRA Designed for cross-border operation, ISI standard Designed for international traffic, numbering, country codes Implemented efficient VPN support for multi-agency sharing TETRA standard can offer nationwide homogenous seamless network - today Technical Comparison - Networks

23. Project 25 High output powers available, tens of watts Several manufacturers showing handsets - in exhibitions The U.S. price of encrypting handset is 4000 to 5000 USD TETRA Tens of terminals available from several manufacturers Smaller size & weight Handsets are preferred to mobiles Selling prices 500 to 1000 USD Competition is driving innovation and cost efficiency Radio Terminals Comparison

24. Radio Terminals - Speed of innovation No other PMR technology can deliver TODAY: • Handsets with full duplex? • Handsets with integral GPS receiver ? • Handsets with 65 000 colour display ? • Handsets with web & WAP browsers ? Quick survey at TETRA seminar in Oslo in March 2005 revealed close to 30 new TETRA terminal models being launched during the last 3 years Only open competition can boost this amount of handset innovations and R&D investment

25. TETRA and Tetrapol • Tetrapol based on Matracom - 1986 technolgy developed for French MoI • Proprietary technology developed by Matra whilst developing ETSI Standard with others • Named Tetrapol after ETSI named TETRA • Attempt to have it adopted by ETSI as standard in 1998 comprehensively rejected • Today still a single source proprietary technology of EADS

26. TETRA and GSM-R • In competition with GSM-R TETRA won the Contract • Taiwan High Speed Rail • Top speed 300 KM/hr.

27. TETRA and GSM-R (2) GSM-R TETRA From GSM-Rto TETRA Cologne-Frankfurt • 177 km • 47 km tunnels • 56 base stations • 3,2 Km coverage average per BS • Taiwan HSR • 347 km • 120 km tunnels • 26 base stations • 13,3 Km coverage average per BS x 2 x 2.5 x 0.5 x 4 Source: http://www.cellular-news.com/story/7331.shtml Up to 4 times better coverage with TETRA than GSM-R

28. TETRA and GSM • Use of GSM network is an attractive alternative to rolling out a new nationwide network for Emergency Services • So far it has been rejected in all countries that have considered it • This has not prevented several others still going through the same process, e.g. • Norway (GSM-R; Telenor; Nexia) • Sweden (Rakel; Stelacon) • Germany (Vodafone) • Denmark (UMTS) Selected TETRA Specified ETSI TETRA Standard

29. DMO* Connectivity Server ASCI features (incl. GSM-R and GSM 2+) and ADCI features# Public GSM Network ASCI = Advanced Speech Call Items; #ADCI = Advanced Data Call Items; *DMO = TETRA TETRA and GSM-BOS • GSM-BOS is a proposal by Vodafone Germany to upgrade their GSM network to meet the needs of Emergency Services similar to the ill-fated GSM-Pro promoted by Ericsson for several years

30. TETRA and POC (PTT Over Cellular) • Proposal for adding Push-to-Talk (PTT) facility to GPRS and 3G, aimed mainly at the recreational / family use, e.g. • Family holidays, camping, shopping, mother-to-child safety • Low Qality of Service • Expected call setup around few sec. & message delay 1-3 sec. • Limited group size • No Supplementary Services like Late Entry, DGNA, Ambience Listening, discreet Listening, • Standard GSM security • Threat? • Delays by the non-informed decision makers • Extra opportunities for Consultants!

31. Guard Band Guard Band CDMA Carrier #1 CDMA Carrier #2 Narrowband Channels Narrowband Channels 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 200 kHz Approx 3 MHz TETRA and CDMA • CDMA is a broadand technology designed for hi-volume consumer cellular market • Minimum roll-out requires 2 x 1.25MHz for initial CDMA carrier (same frequency used in every cell) - provides 25-30 voice channels • Additional 2 x 1.25MHz per additional CDMA carrier • 2 CDMA carriers plus guard bands will require around 2 x 3 MHz • Strategy to enter European cellular market by the back-door?

32. Is TETRA for me? …. the users of TETRA and their applications

33. TETRA for Emergency Services • Disasters – both natural and man-made • Major Incidents/ fires • Incidents • RTA (Road Traffic Accidents) • Routine policing

34. TETRA for Transportation • Efficient Fleet Management of Mass Transport, I.e. buses, trams, underground • Timely response to timetable changes caused by scheduled or unscheduled events, e.g. RTA, roadwork, public demonstration, security alerts, etc. • Passenger Information • On-board security • Address queries (taxis) • Track-to-train (railways)

35. TETRA for Utilities • Used during storms, floods, earthquakes, disasters • Initially to make areas safe, • Subsequently for reinstating the supplies. • Routine maintenance of power-lines and gas and water pipes

36. The Future How futureproof is TETRA?

37. TREND Analysis – Technology (1) • The explosion of wireless communication services has been caused by market segmentation, e.g. • Range / Area • Services • Power consumption • Mobility • These new services are complimenting rather than competing with TETRA

38. TREND Analysis – Technology (2) • Emergence of services optimised for specific application, e.g. • Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11X) for fixed wireless broadband access to Internet • WiMAX – wireless broadband backhaul (IEEE 802.16) • Bluetooth & IEEE 802.15 for WPANs (Wireless Personal Area Networks) • NFC (Near Field Comms) for e-money, authentication cards, etc. • ZigBee - wireless low-power network for control and monitor applications, e.g. home automation • RFID Radio Frequency Identification – one-way communication from tags for tracking goods and assets

39. Integration Markets  Globalisation Sectors  Interoperability Agencies  VPN Expertise  Standardisation Functionality  Multi-mode operation Accountability Efficiency (value-for-money) Replacing custom-design with cost-efficient COTS TETRA, as a recognised ETSI standard, is rapidly becoming the first choice for PMR users worldwide due to its true multi-vendor choice of cost-effective high-functionality equipments & systems, including multi-mode & VPN capability, guaranteed interoperability via IOP process of the MoU – a natural candidate for COTS TREND Analysis - Political Amongst the major forces affecting political aspects of mobile communication are those of Integration and Accountability

40. TETRA Release 2 • Series of enhancements aimed to expand TETRA functionality in the specific areas, e.g. Codec, Ground-to-air communication • Addition of different modulations which, when combined with concatenations of 25 kHz channels, would allow for 10x higher speed data rates

41. TETRA - in a nutshell TETRA is cellular+ because, in addition to mobile telephony (voice and data): • TETRA enables time-critical non-routine, communication to the professionals operating in closed-user-groups, • TETRA offers a wide range of PMR services and higher levels of security / encryption • TETRA is designed to operate in the critical & disaster situations that require highly dependable, secure, robust and resilient equipments and systems.

42. TETRA is …… - 4WD / SUV of Mobile Comms

43. .. the toolbox for the professionals

44. Conclusions • TETRA is following GSM experience that has shown that standardisation & globalisation are the key ingredients for success of any technology • Growing threat to safety and security of public is increasingly demanding the use of professional, robust & resilient communication equipments and systems, like TETRA that were designed for the task • TETRA standard has propelled the PMR onto the centre stage of the Global Mobile Communications • With addition of Release 2 TETRA will, for the foreseeable future, continue to compliment Cellular.

45. Thank you! Thank You For more information on TETRA please visit www.tetramou.com www.etsi.org