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Final Exam Outline. 12 – 3pm, Wednesday June 14 Half short and long answers on theory and principles from course Half case-study. Global Landscape 2004. Increasing Moved from manufacturing to IT and services
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Final Exam Outline • 12 – 3pm, Wednesday June 14 • Half short and long answers on theory and principles from course • Half case-study
Global Landscape 2004 • Increasing • Moved from manufacturing to IT and services • Morgan Chase quote “don’t underestimate the complexity”, “don’t build expectations too high”… but wishes he’d done it sooner! • “Every $1 spent saves 58 cents” • Examples given in ‘background’ section
Key questions • What processes are companies outsourcing? • Who is outsourcing? • How much IT is outsourced? • Wall St Journal ‘Jobs that can be reduced to series of rules are likely to go’
Leading vendors • EDS • IBM • HP • CSC
India • Educated, english speaking • Good network infrastructure • Moving beyond.. • Philippines • China
Challenges • McKinsey questions • Can outsourcing drive costs lower? • Capture benefits earlier • Increase QoS? • Leverage existing IT platform to reduce new investments? • Contractually commit to benefits? • Regularly bring most relevant innovations to bear? • Pay attention to • Training new workers • Privacy laws • Data quality is critical • Scope creep • Soft issues – regional job loss, customer reaction, culture gaps • Offshoring • Some companies have pulled back • Less cost but less productive? • Fast change difficult to keep up with • More complex problems, difficult to migrate knowledge • Familiarity with customer needs • Currency fluctuations
ISM 158: Overview This class considers the role of information in business strategy. In particular, we focus on decisions regarding information technology and information systems to give a business competitive advantage over other companies. We will focus on case studies to see why some businesses are more successful than others in building information systems that lead to organizational and individual efficiencies. We look at how information impacts industries, markets and countries, and leads to technology development. We develop an understanding of design and maintenance of networked organizations, including issues of leadership and management.
Prediction Is Hard • Who could have predicted? • Before 1940: That there would be hundreds of millions of computers worldwide • Before 1992: the Web • Before 1995: Amazon • The pace of evolution and change in IT is blistering • No sign that it is slowing down
Framework for Decisions • This class and text book has not been about predicting the future • Instead, it is about giving you the frameworks to: • Identify opportunities • Design and deploy technology-based businesses • Create business value • Frameworks based on concepts and theory that have stood the test of time • Fundamental management principles still apply, even as we embrace the new
Key Themes • Continuous pace of technology evolution requires that we confront new choices for designing and building industries, markets, organizations • Business models that dominated the Industrial Economy are evolving • Types of opportunities pursued and technology employed strongly influence approach to developing, operating, managing IT • As IT infrastructure becomes more standardized, modular, scaleable, there is a shift in IT investment priorities and decisions
Key Themes (cont.) • The time required for successful organization learning and assimilation of rapidly changing technologies limits practical speed of change • External industry, internal organizational, and technological changes are increasing pressure on organizations to buy rather than to make IT applications and services • Ability to exploit technology requires high levels of engagement and cooperation among four key constituencies: business executives, IT executives, users, technology providers/partners
Key Themes (cont.) • Ability to ensure high levels of security, privacy, reliability, and availability is a core capability that determines organization’s ultimate success and survival • Over the last decade, there has been a fundamental shift in IT that has dramatically impacted the way: • People access and use technology • Organizations exploit technology • Technology is developed and managed