CONFERENCE ON “THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES AFTER BOLOGNA”

1. CONFERENCE ON “THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES AFTER BOLOGNA” UniversityInnovationandResearch Prof. Dr. Gülsün SAĞLAMER IstanbulTechnicalUniversity 13th of December 2010 UniversityFoundationBrussels

2. Overview • SettingtheScene • Facts • EC Europe 2010 FlagshipInitiative: InnovationUnion • ERAB Recommendations • Conclusions

3. SomeStatementsPrologue: Tragedy- parados (chorus) Universitiesarekeytoenergy Intellectual, socialandcreative Weneedthatenergytowarmourfuture Weneedmoreinternationalcenters of excellence Weneedto be moreattractivetointernationaltalent Weneedtoreclaimourleadership in thesciences Weneedtoreclaimourleadership in thesocialsciencesandhumanities JoRitzen, “ A Drama of European Universities”2009, Prag, EUA

4. DemandandSupply • Demand • Talent as a majorsource of internationalcompetition • Discoverynewtalent as a majorsource of socialcohesion • Supply of HE • Slowtoadapttosocialneeds • HE is loosingstatus • Fewerstudents, fewerfinance, lowerreputation…. • Supply of graduatesinadequatetomatchtheconstantincrease in thedemandforgraduates • Can Europeovercomeitsfobiafortuitionfees? JoRitzen, “ A Drama of European Universities”2009, Prag, EUA “ EuropeanUniversitiesstand a chance in Global Competition?”

5. New Statements • New Avenuesareneeded • EuropeanStatute • EuropeanFinance • EuropeanScholarships/loans • InnovationandResearch: newAvenues • Mobility of researcherslimitedbydifferences in pensionrightsbetweencountries • Bilateralagreements on recognition of researchersfromothercountries JoRitzen, 2010

6. Facts I FinancialResources R&D %GDP Busi.Exp %GDP HE Invest %GDP EU 1.84 %(2006) 1.00 % (2005) 1.30 %(2004) Japan 3.39 % 2.62 % 1.85 % USA 2.61 % 1.69 % 2.45 % FransvanVught,2009

7. Facts II Number of Researchers Thenumber of full time equivalentresearchers(FTE) perthousandlaborforceparticipantsamountedto • 5.4 in the EU in 2003, comparedto • 10.1 in japan • 9.0 in USA Researchersareemployed in thebusinesssector • 49% EU • 69% Japan • 80% USA

8. Facts III Worldshare of Sci. Publ. Publ./ millionpopulation • EU 38% 639 • USA 33% 809 • Japan 9% 569 Patent Applications • 31 % EU 33 % USA 16 % japan (2005) Between 2000-2005 Patent applicationsincreaseddramatically in Asiancountries • India 241% • China 137%

9. Annual rate of growth of scientific publications, 1995-2005Turkey 11.6% SimonMarginson, 2008

10. Facts IV In 2005, • the EU-27 producedsome 100,000 doctoralgraduatescomparedto • 53,000 in the USA • 15,000 in Japan Between 2000-2005 averageannualgrowth on thenumber of doctoralgraduates, EU-27 5% USA 3.3% Japan 4.6% Over 50% of doctorateholders in Europemovingintocarreersbeyondacademicsector, collaborativedoctoralprogrammesarebecomingincreasinglyimportant. EUA,CollaborativeDoctoralEducation, 2009

11. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion: SomeCommittements Bytheend of 2011, memberstatesshouldhavestrategies in placetotrainenoughresearcherstomeettheirnational R&D targets Thecommissionwillalsosupportbusiness-academiacollaborationsthroughthecreation of “knowledgeAlliances” betweeneducationandbusinesstodevelopnewoperations Quality of doctoraltraining, attractiveemployementconditionsandgenderbalance in researchcareers.

12. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion In a rapidly changing global economy, we must build on our strengths anddecisivelytackleourweaknesses: • Under-investment in our knowledge foundation. Other countries, like the US and Japanare out-investing us, and China is rapidly catching up. • Unsatisfactory framework conditions, ranging from poor access to finance, high costs ofIPR to slow standardisation and ineffective use of public procurement. This is a serioushandicap when companies can choose to invest and conduct research in many other parts of theworld. • Too much fragmentation and costly duplication. We must spend our resources moreefficiently and achieve critical mass. • Perhaps the biggest challenge for the EU and its Member States is to adopt a much morestrategicapproachtoinnovation

13. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion, thefollowing is needed 1. In times of fiscal constraints, the EU and Member States need to continue toinvest in education, R&D, innovation and ICTs. Such investments should wherepossible not only be protected from budget cuts, but should be stepped up. 2. This should go hand in hand with reforms to get more value for money andtackle fragmentation. EU and national research & innovation systems need tobe better linked up with each other and their performance improved. 3. Our education systems at all levels need to be modernised. Excellence must evenmore become the guiding principle. We need more world-class universities,raise skill levels and attract top talent from abroad. 4. Researchers and innovators must be able to work and cooperate across the EUas easily as within national borders. The European Research Area must becompleted within four years – putting in place the frameworks for a truly freemovement of knowledge.

14. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion, thefollowing is needed 5. Access to EU programmes must be simplified and their leverage effect onprivate sector investment enhanced, with the support of the EuropeanInvestment Bank. The role of the European Research Council should bereinforced. The framework programme's contribution to nurturing fastgrowingSMEs must be boosted.The European RegionalDevelopment Fundshould be fully exploited to develop research and innovationcapa -cities acrossEurope, based on smartregionalspecialisationstrategies. 6. We need to get more innovation out of our research. Cooperation between theworlds of science and the world of business must be enhanced, obstaclesremoved and incentives put in place. 7. Remaining barriers for entrepreneurs to bring "ideas to market" must beremoved: better access to finance, particularly for SMEs, affordable IntellectualProperty Rights, smarter and more ambitious regulation and targets, fastersetting of interoperable standards and strategic use of our massive procurementbudgets. As an immediate step, agreement should be reached on the EU patent

15. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion, thefollowing is needed 8. European Innovation Partnerships should be launched to accelerate research,developmentand market deployment of innovations to tackle major societalchallenges, pool expertise and resources and boost the competitiveness of EUindustry, starting with the area of healthy ageing. 9. Our strengths in design and creativity must be better exploited. We mustchampion social innovation. We must develop a better understanding of publicsector innovation, identify and give visibility to successful initiatives, andbenchmarkprogress. 10. We need to work better with our international partners. That means openingaccess to our R&D programmes, while ensuring comparable conditions abroad.That also means adopting a common EU front where needed to protect ourinterests.

16. PrepearingEuropefor a New Renaissance :A StrategicView of the ERAB Recommendations Short -Term 1.Create a single EU-widepatentand an OpenInnovation Charter 2.Fasttracktimelinefor a fullandwidespreadimplementation of pre-commercialprocurement of R&D 3. ConcreteResearch &InnovationFundingaroundtheselection of themesrelevantfor EU2020. 4. Create an annual “City/Region of InnovationEuropewithcriteriamatchingthe Grand Challenges 5. Issue an EU FrameworkDirective on Research&ınnovation in Europefocussing on particularlycreating a single market

17. PrepearingEuropefor s New renaissance :A StrategicView of the ERA :ERAB Recommendations Mid-Term 6.Implementpre-commercialprocurement of R&D around a fewcommonlyagreedbigprojects. 7.Allfunding is concentratedandstreamlinedbyminimisingmanagetment, earmarkingcertain % of StructuralFundsand CAP (CommonAgr. Policy) fordedicated R&I projects, creatingcommonlyaccepted set of researchoutputmetrics. 8. Foster an acceptabledegree of risk takingandexcellencethroughoutall R&I programmes 9.Create a EuropeanVenturecapitalFundcapable of investing in theearlystage”poorconcept”andbusinessdevelopmentpriortoinvestm. Long-Term 10.Makeresultand risk orientedfunding of R&I projectsthe dominant criterionfor R&I fundingof the EC byreducingthefiscalburden on RT&D labourto a levelbetterthanourmaincompetitors

18. SomeThoughts The problem is Howlongwill it taketorealisewhathavebeendeclared in “EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion” SustainableFunding EU andNationStates have powerful capabilities but there is a strongneedtoreceive ongoing supportfrom the public sector and leverage significantfundsfromindustry. Sustainability of fundingplays a crucial role in thisprocess Strategies Strategies at EU andnationstatelevelsshould pay sufficient attention to business requirementsand the location of relevant expertise.Theyshouldalsocreatesuitableenvironmentforefficientandeffectivecooperationbetweenuniversityandindustry

19. Challengesfor “InnovationUnion” University-IndustryPartnership? WhichIndustry? WhichUniversity? “StrongUniversitiesforStrongEurope” This can only be realised ……..ifuniversitieshavebecomestrongpartners of thenewdevelopingplatformsandcooperations. Universitiesshould be leadinginstitutionsfornewdevelopments not thefollowers of theotherstakeholders

20. Challenges Universitiesareexcellent in fundamentalresearch but when it comestoappliedresearchmanyacademicssee “innovation” as an activitywhichshould be takingplaceoutsideuniversityenvironment. There is a “gap” not “walls” orChinawall” betweenuniversity ---------- industry Thisgap is Sometimesbig….. Sometimessmall Sometimesdeep…….Sometimesshallow Depending on thefeatures of bothsides

21. Questions Whatarethepossibilitiestocreate an efficientandeffectiveinterfacebetweenuniversityandindustry? • Scienceparks /Technoparks. • Centers of Excellence • TechnologyandInnovationCenters • IndustrialPhDSchemes. • …………..

22. Questions IndustrialPhDSchemes Whataretheneeds of industry? Whatarethecapabilities of theuniversities? Whatkind of instrumentshould be used? • Jointprogrammingmay be one of themostsuitableinstrumentforindustrialPhDschemes. • ITN, COFUND should be usedforcreatingnewopportunitiesforindustrialPhDSchemes in MC Actions. • MC has reachedto 50 000 MC fellowsby 2010 and • headingtoreach 90 000 by 2013

23. Conclusion Speed of change is toohigh There is a needfor ACTION not tomorrow but……… NOW Withoutquestion, thatrequires A newmind-set in theHigherEducationWorld.

24. ThankYou