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Topics. Definitions Incidence Methodological Problems Bullying as ‘Normal’: Workplace culture/Group solidarity Bullying and hierarchical power Bullying as management policy Bullying as expression of conflict between work cultures: anomie Bullying as challenge to formal hierarchy.
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Topics Definitions Incidence Methodological Problems Bullying as ‘Normal’: Workplace culture/Group solidarity Bullying and hierarchical power Bullying as management policy Bullying as expression of conflict between work cultures: anomie Bullying as challenge to formal hierarchy
Definitions “persistent, negative, malicious attacks on personal or professional performance that are often unpredictable, unfair or irrational” Source: Andrea Adams Trust “repeated and enduring aggressive behaviours that are intended to be hostile and/or perceived as hostile by the recipient” Source: Einharsen “The nature and causes of bullying at work” International Journal of Manpower vol.20, nos.1-2, pp.16-27 (Both cited in Warnham “A descriptive investigation of morality and victimisation at work” Journal of Business Ethics vol.45, pp.29-40, 2003)
Indicators Continuing pattern of : Physical aggression Public humiliation Verbal aggression Constant criticism of work performance Loss of status Intrusive comments on personal life Rumour spreading Social isolation Sources: Zapf “Organizational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work” International Journal of Manpower vol.20 nos 1-2, pp 70-78 1999 Wornham “A descriptive investigation of morality and victimisation at work” Journal of Business Ethics vol.45, pp.29-40, 2003
Incidence 50% of employees have been bullied or witnessed bullying 12% claim to have been bullied in previous five years 30% of personal injury claims in UK relate to workplace victimisation Various sources summarised in Wornham “A descriptive investigation of morality and victimisation at work” Journal of Business Ethics vol.45, pp.29-40, 2003 53% of respondents had been bullied at work 78% had witnessed bullying at work Source Rayner Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology vol. 7 pp.197-208, 1997
Incidence (Cross-Cultural) U.S.: 16.8% of employees claim to have been bullied. E.U.: 11% of employees claim to have been bullied. Source: Vandekerchhove & Commers ‘Downward workplace mobbing: a sign of the times’ Journal of Business Ethics vol.45, pp.41-50 2003
Hierarchy UK: 75% of incidents were perpetrated by senior employees on junior employees 73% respondents believe managers knew of bullying but took no action Various sources summarised in Wornham “A descriptive investigation of morality and victimisation at work” Journal of Business Ethics vol.45, pp.29-40, 2003 80% of ‘victims’ claimed to have been bullied by seniors Source Rayner Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology vol. 7 pp.197-208, 1997
Hierachy (Cross-Cultural) US: 81% of ‘victims’ claim to have been bullied by seniors EU: 57% of ‘victims’ claim to have been bullied by seniors UK: 83% of ‘victims’ claim to have been bullied by seniors Source: Vandekerchhove & Commers ‘Downward workplace mobbing: a sign of the times’ Journal of Business Ethics vol.45, pp.41-50 2003