190 likes | 298 Views
EXAMINING in HIGHER EDUCATION in IRELAND with special reference to EXTERNAL EXAMINERS – a historical perspective . Michael F. Kelleher HETAC 30 April, 2008. Examining and External Examiners. HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS ORAL TRADITION SURVIVAL – 19 TH CENTURY PhD DEFENCE
E N D
EXAMINING in HIGHER EDUCATION in IRELAND with special reference to EXTERNAL EXAMINERS – a historical perspective Michael F. Kelleher HETAC 30 April, 2008
Examining and External Examiners • HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS • ORAL TRADITION • SURVIVAL – 19TH CENTURY • PhD DEFENCE • CONTINENTAL PRACTICE
Examining and External Examiners • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS • ORIGIN 19TH CENTURY DURHAM • SHARED EXAMINERS • OXFORD CAMBRIDGE LONDON DUBLIN • NUI 1908
Examining and External Examiners • LARGELY CONFINED TO IRE & UK • NOT WIDESPREAD IN AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND CANADA • DENMARK – LEGAL REQUIREMENT • ALTERNATIVES TO EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
Examining and External Examiners • TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 1592 • ORAL TRADITION to c. 1827 • SHARED EXAMINERS • “MODERATORS” to c. 1833 • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS 1953 • MODERATORSHIP/HONOURS ONLY • EXTENDED TO ALL EXAMINATIONS
Examining and External Examiners • ST PATRICK’S COLLEGE, MAYNOOTH • FOUNDED 1795 • CONTINENTAL TRADITION • ORAL EXAMINATIONS • WRITTEN EXAMS – MID 19TH CENTURY • ROYAL UNIVERSITY • RECOGNISED COLLEGE NUI
Examining and External Examiners • QUEEN’S COLLEGES 1845 • BELFAST CORK GALWAY • QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY • WRITTEN EXAMS DUBLIN • MEDICINE – EXTERNAL EXAMINERS • BOARDS OF EXAMINERS 1863
Examining and External Examiners • PAPAL RESCRIPTS • CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY 1854 • MED SCHOOL – CECELIA ST. • NO EXTERNAL EXAMNINERS except MEDICINE • UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 1883 • JESUITS • ROYAL UNIVERSITY • NO EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
Examining and External Examiners • ROYAL UNIVERSITY • REPLACED QUEEN’S UNIV. 1879 • EXAMINING BODY • ALL COLLEGES (except TCD) and NONE • EXAM SYSTEM UNSATISFACTORY • ROBERTSON COMMISSION 1902 • CRITICAL OF (a) EXAM SYSTEM and (b) ABSENCE OF EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
Examining and External Examiners • NATIONAL UNIVESITY OF IRELAND • NUI = QCC, QCG and UCD • = UCC, UCG and UCD • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS REQUIRED BY CHARTER • EXTERNAL EXAMINER’S DECISION • REVERSIBLE ONLY BY 2/3rds MAJORITY OF SENATE • EQUIVALENT APPLIES IN PRESENT NUI SYSTEM
Examining and External Examiners COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION 1967 BRIEF REVIEW OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER SYSTEM RECOMMENDED RETENTION FOR FINAL EXAMINATIONS ONLY LATTER REC. NOT FOLLOWED EXTERNAL EXAMINING EXTENDED IN NUI AND TCD
Examining and External Examiners • DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY • CDVEC 1978 • 6 COLLEGES • DIT ACT 1972 • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS APPT. BY GB ON RECOMM. OF AC • NCEA – STRAINED RELATIONSHIP • PARTNERSHIP WITH TCD 1976 – 2004 • DEGREE AWARDING POWERS 1997 • INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY ACT 2006
Examining and External Examiners • REGIONAL TECHNICAL COLLEGES/ INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY • RTC CONCEPT 1963 • VECs • NCEA • REGIONAL TECHNICAL COLLEGES ACT 1992 • ACT CONFIRMS LINK WITH NCEA • HETAC POLICY ON EXTERNAL EXAMINERS • DELEGATED AUTHORITY
Examining and External Examiners • COMMISSION “NEW COLLEGE” • CONCEPT NOT ACCEPTABLE IN LIMERICK • NIHE LIMERICK 1970 • NUI LINK SHORT-LIVED • NCEA 1974 ONWARDS • NIHE DUBLIN 1980 • NIHE ACTS 1980 – EXTERNAL EXAMINERS APPT. BY GB ON REC. OF AC • UL ACT and DCU ACT 1989 • DEGREE AWARDING POWERS
Examining and External Examiners • COLLEGES OF EDUCATION • PROFESIONAL BODIES • RELIGIOUS STUDIES • PUBLIC SERVICES ETC. • 34 INSTITUTIONS • 50% HETAC • 50% IRISH & UK UNIVERSITIES ETC • ALL WITH EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
Examining and External Examiners • NCEA 1972 • RTCs • NIHEL and NIHED • UNIVERSITY STANDARDS • NCEA ACT 1979 • HETAC 2001 • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS IN USE FROM BEGINNING • WHY NCEA ADOPTED UNIV EXAM SYSTEM INCL EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
Examining and External Examiners • PROFESSIONAL ACCREDITATION • ACCREDITATION OF COURSES/EXEMPTIONS • PSYCHOLIGAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS WHO ARE PSYCHOLOGISTS • NATIONAL SOCIAL WORK QUALIFICATIONS BOARD • EXTERNAL EXAMINER REQUIREMENT
Examining and External Examiners • QUALITY PROMOTION and ASSURANCE • UNIVESITIES ACT 1997 • QA LEGAL REQUIREMENT • DIT – NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY • INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY – HETAC • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS’ REPORTS IN UNIVS, Its and DIT NOW PART OF QA PROCESSES
Examining and External Examiners • CURRENT SITUATION • EXTERNAL EXAMINERS SYSTEM ENTRENCHED • NO DEMAND FOR ABOLITION OR REPLACEMENT • “A GOOD THING” • NO SUBSTANTIAL REVIEW • NO REGULATION • HETAC INTEREST INNOVATIVE AND TIMELY