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Announcements. Sign-up Class list Official registration Course Syllabus. ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2001 LECTURE 1B. OBSERVATIONS of EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (con’t.) A. Introduction Practical Questions B. The Planet Earth & Earth Systems. B. THE PLANET EARTH & EARTH SYSTEMS.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Sign-up • Class list • Official registration • Course Syllabus

  2. ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2001LECTURE 1B OBSERVATIONS of EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (con’t.) • A. IntroductionPractical Questions • B. The Planet Earth & Earth Systems

  3. B. THE PLANET EARTH & EARTH SYSTEMS • Uniqueness of Planet Earth • Water Planet • The planet with life • Components of Planet Earth System • Lithosphere • Atmosphere • Hydrosphere • Cryosphere • Biosphere

  4. From Geog. 101 UW-Stevens Point • Interactions within System • Weathering • Hydrological cycle

  5. C. SURVEY of PLANET EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE • Importance of Earth's atmosphere • Moderates temperature of planet; • Shields life from harsh space environment; • Provides life with water, oxygen, etc. • Overall Dimensions of Earth's atmosphere • About 100 km (62 mi) thick; • Compare with 6370 km (3950 mi) earth radius; but ....

  6. SUNRISE FROM SPACEFrom STS-47 (JSC-NASA)

  7. C. SURVEY OF PLANET EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE (con’t) • Importance of Earth's atmosphere • Overall Dimensions of Earth's atmosphere • Comparison with other components of Earth System

  8. ESTIMATED MASSES of EARTH SYSTEM COMPONENTS[Source: J.Y. Wang, 1975]

  9. D. WEATHER-CLIMATE ELEMENTS • What we need to Know • Weight (mass), Energy, Constituents, Motion. • Observed Weather-Climate Elements • AIR PRESSURE • AIR TEMPERATURE • ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY • PRECIPITATION • CLOUD TYPE, AMOUNT • WINDS (SPEED & DIRECTION)

  10. MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT TUE JUN 18 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: SUNNY Temperature: 70 F (21 C) Dew Point: 57 F (13 C) Relative Humidity: 63% Wind: SE9 MPH Barometer: 30.04S (1017.2 mb)

  11. E. PROBING THE ATMOSPHERE • Surface vs. Aloft • Locations • Problems • Surface Weather Station • Human observer, • Thermometers, barometers, rain gauges, wind instruments, etc.

  12. Traditional Surface Weather Station

  13. Automated Weather Station (ASOS)

  14. NWS & FAA Automatic Weather Stations

  15. Automated Weather Buoy

  16. First Order Stations & Cooperative Observer Network (National Climate Data Center, 2001)

  17. E. PROBING THE ATMOSPHERE(con’t.) • Other Observation Tools/Platforms • Need for • Rugged instruments • Remote sensing

  18. Weather Kites

  19. Aircraft Observations

  20. Radiosonde

  21. Radiosonde (con’t.)

  22. Radiosonde (con’t.)

  23. RADIOSONDE LOCATIONS

  24. Stratospheric Balloons

  25. Meteorological Rockets (Rocketsondes)

  26. Weather Radar See Pg. 344-351 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  27. Principles of Weather Radar(in reflectivity mode)

  28. Weather Radar (con’t.)

  29. Weather Radar (con’t.)

  30. Principles of Weather Radar(in velocity or Doppler mode)See Fig. 14.18 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  31. NWS DOPPLER RADAR SITES

  32. Current Radar Reflectivity

  33. Weather Satellites and the Space Science & Engineering Center (SSEC)

  34. See Fig. 16.2 – Moran & Morgan (1997)

  35. Early GOES Satellite

  36. Geosynchronous SatelliteImaging Field of View

  37. ATS-III in 1968

  38. Recent GOES Satellite

  39. GOES-11 in 2000

  40. Nighttime lights from DMSP Satellites

  41. Visible vs. IR Images

  42. Current Visible Satellite Image Clouds

  43. Current Infrared Satellite Image

  44. Current Water Vapor Satellite Image

  45. Man Computer Data Acquisition System (McIDAS) at SSEC/UW-Madison

  46. See Fig. 16.1 – Moran & Morgan (1997)

  47. TIROS in 1960s

  48. Polar Orbiting (POES) SatelliteGFSC-NASA

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