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The Geography of the Indian subcontinent

The Geography of the Indian subcontinent. South Asia. The Size of South Asia. Countries. Afghanistan. China. Iran. Bhutan. Nepal. Pakistan. Myanmar. India. Bangladesh. Sri Lanka. Topography of South Asia. Bodies of Water. Indus R. Brahmaputra R. Ganges R. Bay of Bengal.

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The Geography of the Indian subcontinent

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  1. The Geography of the Indian subcontinent

  2. South Asia

  3. TheSize ofSouthAsia

  4. Countries Afghanistan China Iran Bhutan Nepal Pakistan Myanmar India Bangladesh Sri Lanka

  5. Topography of South Asia

  6. Bodies of Water Indus R. Brahmaputra R. Ganges R. Bay ofBengal Arabian Sea Indian Ocean

  7. The Ganges River System 1,560 miles long

  8. “Mata Ganga” (Mother Ganges)

  9. The Brahmaputra River System 1,800 miles long

  10. Floods on the Brahmaputra: 2003

  11. Flooding on the Brahmaputra

  12. The Indus River System 1,975 miles long

  13. Mountains & Peaks Hindu Kush KhyberPassI I Karakoran Mts. Mt. Everest▲ Himalayas Vindhya Hills Eastern Ghats Western Ghats

  14. Hindu Kush

  15. The Khyber Pass

  16. The Himalayas • “him” [snow] • “aalaya” [home] • Mt. Everest is 29,035 feet. It is the highest mt. peak in the world.

  17. The Himalayas

  18. “Fire Rim of the Pacific”

  19. 2004 Earthquake In Indonesia:Tsunami Devastates Indian Ocean Coastlines!

  20. the Tsunami’s Devestation 100,000s dead!

  21. Deserts / Plateaus TibetanPlateau TharDesert DeccanPlateau

  22. The Deccan Plateau • 31,800 square miles in size. • Elevation range: 2,000 – 8,000 feet high. • From the Sanskrit word, “dakshina” [“the south”].

  23. The Tibetan Plateau • The “Roof of the World.” • average elevation is 16,400 feet.

  24. The Thar Desert • The Great Indian Desert • 200 - 1500 feet in elevation. • up to 127ºF in July.

  25. Climate of South Asia

  26. Climate Regions of South Asia

  27. Winter Monsoons: Nov.-April

  28. Summer Monsoons: May-Oct.

  29. Maurya & Gupta India

  30. Chandragupta: 321 BCE-298 BCE • Unified northern India. • Defeated the Persian general Seleucus. • Divided his empire into provinces, then districts for tax assessments and law enforcement. • He feared assassination [like Saddam Hussein]  food tasters, slept in different rooms, etc. • 301 BCE  gave up his throne & became a Jain.

  31. The Maurya Empire 321 BCE – 185 BCE

  32. Kautilya • Chandragupta’s advisor. • Brahmin caste. • Wrote The Treatise on Material Gain or theArthashastra. • A guide for the king and his ministers: • Supports royal power. • The great evil in society is anarchy. • Therefore, a single authority is needed to employ force when necessary!

  33. Asoka (304 – 232 BCE) • Religious conversion after the gruesome battle of Kalinga in 262 BCE. • Dedicated his life to Buddhism. • Built extensive roads. • Conflict how to balance Kautilya’s methods of keeping power and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless person?

  34. Asoka’s Empire

  35. Asoka’s law code • Edicts scattered in more than 30 places in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. • Written mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. • 10 rock edicts. • Each pillar [stupa] is 40’-50’ high. • Buddhist principles dominate his laws.

  36. One of Asoka’s Stupas

  37. WomenUnder anAsokatree

  38. Turmoil & a power Vacuum:220 BCE – 320 CE Tamils The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms.

  39. Gupta Empire:320 CE – 647 CE

  40. Gupta Rulers • Chandra GuptaI • r. 320 – 335 CE • “Great King of Kings” • Chandra Gupta II • r. 375 - 415 CE • Profitable trade with the Mediterranean world! • Hindu revival. • Huns invade – 450 CE

  41. Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta India • Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along the Silk Road and visited India in the 5c. • He was following the path of the Buddha. • He reported the people to be happy, relatively free of government oppression, and inclined towards courtesy and charity. Other references in the journal, however, indicate that the caste system was rapidly assuming its basic features, including "untouchability," the social isolation of a lowest class that is doomed to menial labor.

  42. Chandra Gupta II

  43. International Trade Routes during the Guptas

  44. Extensive Trade:4c spices silks cotton goods spices rice & wheat horses gold & ivory gold & ivory cotton goods

  45. Kalidasa • The greatest of Indian poets. • His most famous play was Shakuntala. • During the reign of Chandra Gupta II.

  46. GuptaArt Greatly influenced Southeast Asian art & architecture.

  47. Gupta Achievements 1000 diseasesclassified 500 healingplants identified Printedmedicinal guides Kalidasa Literature PlasticSurgery Medicine GuptaIndia Inoculations C-sectionsperformed SolarCalendar Astronomy Mathematics DecimalSystem The earthis round PI = 3.1416 Conceptof Zero

  48. The Decline of the Guptas • Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c signaled the end of the Gupta Golden Age, even though at first, the Guptas defeated them. • After the decline of the Gupta empire, north India broke into a number of separate Hindu kingdoms and was not really unified again until the coming of the Muslims in the 7c.

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