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Quick China Revision

Quick China Revision. And I mean quick. Warlord China. The warlords took over after the death of? YUAN SHIKAI What was a warlord? MILITARY LEADERS WHO HAD OPPOSED YUAN AND HAD CONTROL OF AREAS OF CHINA. RULED BY MILITARY FORCE What was life like under the Warlords?

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Quick China Revision

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  1. Quick China Revision And I mean quick

  2. Warlord China • The warlords took over after the death of? • YUAN SHIKAI • What was a warlord? • MILITARY LEADERS WHO HAD OPPOSED YUAN AND HAD CONTROL OF AREAS OF CHINA. RULED BY MILITARY FORCE • What was life like under the Warlords? • Harsh conditions: high taxes, conscription, strict rule, punishments, almost civil war • Who had opposed Yuan Shikai? • SUN YATSEN • What was the name of his political party? • GUOMINDANG- GMD OR KMT

  3. Communists and Guomindang • When was the CCP formed? • 1921 • What were the Guomindang’s ‘three principles’? • NATIONAL FREEDOM, DEMOCRACY, PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOOD • Who took over from Sun Yatsen in 1925? • CHIANG KAISHEK • What incident split the alliance between GMD and CCP? • Shanghai massacre • How would you describe the support for both sides? • Communists- country , GMD- cities and towns

  4. The Long March • How would you describe the Long March? • A FORCED RETREAT BY THE COMMUNISTS RESPONDING TO THE EXTERMINATION CAMPAIGNS OF THE GMD AND THE ‘BLOCKHOUSE’ STRATEGY • How had the Communists tactics changed before the L.M? • AT FIRST THEY LURED THE GMD IN CONCENTRATED ATTACKS, THEN THIS CHANGED TO FIGHTING HEAD ON BATTLES • Where did the Long March take the Communists? • NORTH, OVER THE DADU RIVER, OVER THE SNOWY MOUNTAINS, GRASSLANDS, YANAN • How many started out? How many survived? • NEARLY 90,000. LESS THAN 10,000 (approx!)

  5. The Hundred Flowers Campaign • When was the campaign introduced? • 1956 • Why was it introduced? • FIVE YEAR PLAN HAD BEEN DIFFICULT, COMMUNISTS HAD LOST POPULARITY, SOME PEOPLE HAD BEGUN TO CRITICISE • What did Mao say ‘the Hundred Flowers was for? • FREE SPEECH WAS ‘HEALTHY’ AND A WAY OF ‘LETTING OFF STEAM • How have some historians viewed it? • AS A WAY OF FINDING OUT CRITICISM AND THEN CRACKING DOWN ON CRITICS • Consequences of A Hundred Flowers? • CENSORSHIP, THOUGHT REFORM, NO FREE SPEECH, PEOPLE SACKED FROM THEIR JOBS

  6. THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD • What was the ‘Great Leap Forward’? • MAKE CHINA AN INDUSTRIAL NATION, CATCH UP WITH WEST, IMPROVE AGRICULTURE, USE ENERGY OF THE PEOPLE- OVERTAKE UK, CATCH UP WITH USA • Which system was supposed to help this happen? • COMMUNES • Which aspects of life did the Commune control? • ALL. CRADLE TO GRAVE. LOCAL GOVT, PARTY, WORK, EDUCATION • Give an example of how the Great Leap Forward worked • BACKYARD STEEL CAMPAIGN / PROPAGANDA • What were the consequences of the Great Leap Forward? • CHAOS,THREE BITTER YEARS, FAMINE, RISE OF THE MODERATES, MAO SIDELINED- LONG TERM- CULTURAL REVOLUTION

  7. The Cultural Revolution • What did the ‘moderates’ and Mao disagree over? • HOW CHINA SHOULD BE DEVELOPED- MODERATES WANTED MORE INCENTIVES FOR PEASANTS / BUILD UP INDUSTRY ALONG RUSSIAN LINES- MAO SAW THIS AS THE ‘CAPITALIST ROAD’- WANTED TO RETURN TO ORIGINAL AIMS OF COMMUNIST PARTY • How did the Cultural Revolution begin? • MAO LAUNCHED ‘SOCIALIST EDUCATION MOVEMENT’ . FOUR CLEAN UPS CAMPAIGN • What helped Mao regain control? • SUPPORTED BY LIN BIAO, ABOLITION OF RANKS IN PLA, LITTLE RED BOOK, STUDENTS FORMED INTO ‘RED GUARDS’ • What were the other key features of the Cultural Revolution? • SCHOOLS CLOSED, CURRICULUM REWRITTEN, FOUR OLDS CAMPAIGN, VIOLENCE, RENAMED PLACES, BREAKDOWN OF LAW AND ORDER, 400, 000 PEOPLE KILLED • What is meant by the ‘cult of Mao Zedong’? How was it created? • HERO WORSHIP OF MAO-740 million copies of L.R.B sold, STATUES, PICTURES OF MAO EVERYWHERE, IMPRISONMENT OF HIS OPPONENTS

  8. Best of luck with your exams!

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