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Genetics of Bacteria

Genetics of Bacteria. Bacterial genome =. Genetics of Bacteria. Bacterial genome = One circular DNA molecule E. coli chromosome has 100 times more DNA than in a typical virus, but much less than a eukaryotic cell. Packed into nucleoid region of cell Plasmid =. Genetics of Bacteria.

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Genetics of Bacteria

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  1. Genetics of Bacteria • Bacterial genome =

  2. Genetics of Bacteria • Bacterial genome = One circular DNA molecule • E. coli chromosome has 100 times more DNA than in a typical virus, but much less than a eukaryotic cell. • Packed into nucleoid region of cell • Plasmid =

  3. Genetics of Bacteria • Bacterial genome = One circular DNA molecule • E. coli chromosome has 100 times more Dna than in a typical virus, but much less than a eukaryotic cell. • Packed into nucleoid region of cell • Plasmid = small circular extra piece of DNA

  4. Bacterial Genetic Recombination • What is the main source of genetic recombination in bacteria? • Mutations • What are the other sources of recombination?

  5. Transformation

  6. Transduction What is the vector of transduction?

  7. Conjugation

  8. Plasmids • What is a plasmid? • Small circular, self replicating piece of bacterial DNA • Plasmid genes are advantageous to the bacteria that has them • Plasmids that confer resistance to antibiotics are called R plasmids

  9. Regulation of Gene expression in prokaryotes (operons) Why is it important that regulation of protein production occur in an organism?

  10. Repressible operons • Repressible operons have structural genes that code for the production of the substrate (anabolic process). • The repressor protein is produced in an inactive form, leaving the operator open • In the presence of the substrate, the substrate will allosterically bind to the repressor protein (is a co-repressor) and activate the repressor protein causing it to bind to the operator

  11. Inducible operons • Inducible operons have structural genes that produce enzymes that break down a substrate (catabolic process). • The repressor is translated into its active configuration and will bind to the operator in the absence of the substrate. • If the substrate is present, it binds to the repressor protein and de-activates it, thereby opening up the operator.

  12. In the lac operon, cAMP acts as a volume control… • What would happen if: • High glucose, high lactose? • Low glucose, high lactose? • High glucose, low lactose? • Low glucose, low lactose?

  13. Each plate…. What amount of growth do you expect? What is the purpose of the plate (hint: what would be indicated if amount of growth did NOT match expected?)? LB plate (-pGLO) LB/amp plate (-pGLO) LB/amp plate (+pGLO) LB/amp/ara plate (+pGLO) Transformation Lab

  14. Gene for regulatory protein for arabinose operon Modified arabinose operon – genes for enzymes replaced with pGLO gene (codes for glowing fluorescent protein = GFP) Ampicillin resistance gene

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