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Russ Martin President , Global Product Stewardship Council

Global Developments in Product Stewardship and their Implications for Australia. Russ Martin President , Global Product Stewardship Council. Zero Waste Summit 2012 Melbourne 22 October, 2012. Potential US Financial Benefit as of 2010. Product Total Financial Benefit Avg. Per Capita

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Russ Martin President , Global Product Stewardship Council

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  1. Global Developments in Product Stewardship and their Implications for Australia Russ Martin President, Global Product Stewardship Council Zero Waste Summit 2012 Melbourne 22 October, 2012

  2. Potential US Financial Benefit as of 2010 Product Total Financial Benefit Avg. Per Capita Electronics $658 million $2.13 Paint $609 million $1.97 Medical sharps (home) $198 million $0.64 Batteries (primary) $247 million $0.80 Batteries (secondary) $ 74 million $0.24 Fluorescent lamps (household) $ 87 million $0.28 Thermostats (mercury) $ 46 million $0.15 Pesticides $ 40 million $0.13 Phone books $ 40 million $0.13 Total Potential Financial Benefit for US = $2 billion/yr *Based on an estimated US population of 309,101,167 (U.S. Census Bureau, April 2010) ** Values in US$ Source: Product Stewardship Institute

  3. Resource Significance of WEEE* – WRAP Modelling • Between now & 2020, 12MT of WEEE in the UK • ¼ is ICT equipment, consumer electronics, display devices • will contain 63 T of palladium & 17 T of Indium • At current market values, precious metals in WEEE worth: • £1bn worth of silver • £5bn worth of gold • £1bn worth of palladium • Almost ¼ of all WEEE taken to UK recycling centres can be reused: • worth more than £200m in gross revenue each year • could make 100T of rare earths (~10% of UK demand) available again • WEEE = waste electrical and electronic equipment

  4. Resource Significance of WEEE – Mobile Phones • For every tonne of components recovered, 10 tonnes of greenhouse gases are avoided • Recycling 50,000 handsets avoids the need to mine: • 110 tonnes of gold ore • 213 tonnes of silver-bearing ore • 11 tonnes of copper sulphide ore Source: MobileMuster

  5. Low Recycling Rates of Certain Metals • United Nations Environment Programme report: • recycling rates of metals are in many cases far lower than their potential for reuse • less than one-third of 60 metals studied have an EOL recycling rate above 50% • 34 elements are below 1% recycling: • Lithium – batteries (hybrids & electric vehicles) • Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Tellurium – solar • rare earth metals – catalysts, batteries, permanent magnets for electric drives, wind turbines, phosphors for smart phones, iPads, TVs, computers, energy efficient light globes, etc. • http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Publications/Recyclingratesofmetals/tabid/56073/Default.aspx

  6. Low Recycling Rates of Certain Metals • Potential consequences: • scarcity of key resources – availability and cost • direct impacts on sustainability • inhibition of ‘Green Economy’ development • need for greater ‘urban mining’ of resources • largest recycling park in China – 1MT copper/yr • largest copper mine in China – less than half that • recycling rates for platinum - • 80-90% for industrial apps, 0-5% for electronics • Product stewardship as a risk management and geopolitical strategy • http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Publications/Recyclingratesofmetals/tabid/56073/Default.aspx

  7. US EPR Laws as of October 2012 Source: Product Stewardship Institute

  8. US EPR Laws as of October 2012 * CA was the first state to pass an electronics law, but it is based on an advance recycling fee. Source: Product Stewardship Institute

  9. Canadian EPR and Product Stewardship Programs August 2012 Source: Encorp Pacific (Canada)

  10. The EC’s Three-tier Policy Structure Framework legislation The Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) (the WFD) The Waste Shipment Regulation (EC) no. 1013/2006 Waste treatment legislation The Landfill Directive (1999/71/EC) The Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) Future recycling standards, to be based on the WFD Producer responsibility legislation The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC) The End of Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (2002/96/EC) The Batteries and Accumulators Directive (2006/66/EC)

  11. EU WEEE Directive Recast New collection targets - 85% of WEEE generated ~10 million tons (~20 kg per capita) to be separately collected from 2019 onwards. Existing EU collection target is 4 kg of WEEE per capita Greater ability for EU Member States to fight illegal waste exports Harmonisation of registration and reporting requirements

  12. Representative Asian Programs • China WEEE • Japan • Law for the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources • Law for the Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances • South Korea • Taiwan • Thailand • Economic responsibility usually rests with manufacturers • Physical responsibility is usually less clear Source: Perchards, www.perchards.com

  13. British Columbia – All WEEE subject to EPR Electronics and Electrical Category designated for EPR under the BC Recycling Regulation was expanded in 2009 requires producers to collect & recycle the products they make & sell As of July 1, 2012, BC’s EPR recycling addresses the largest variety of WEEE of any jurisdiction in North America. If it comes with a battery or a plug, BC now recycles it.

  14. EPR for Packaging and Printed Paper in British Columbia • Packaging and Printed Paper designated for EPR under the BC Recycling Regulation • requires producers to collect & recycle the products they make & sell • Important dates: • May 2011: Packaging and Printed Paper added to Recycling Regulation • October 2011: MOE-led public meetings • Spring 2012: Producer-led consultations • November 2012: Stewardship plan submission (led by Multi-Material British Columbia) • May 2014: Stewardship program implementation • Details and presentations available at http://www.globalpsc.net/blog/video-now-available-epr-in-british-columbia-for-packaging-and-printed-paper/

  15. Canada-Wide Strategy for Sustainable Packaging EPR Action Plan & Packaging Strategy adopted October 2009 coordinated provincial and  federal initiative through Canadian Council on Ministers of Environment Action Plan commits all jurisdictions to work towards having EPR legislation & systems for packaging etc within 6 years EPR requirements should encourage take-back initiatives, with or without deposits territories will consider whether alternative measures are more appropriate Builds on Action Plan for EPR by outlining a harmonised approach to EPR requirements for packaging (household, C&I and service packaging)

  16. Product Stewardship in New Zealand – Accreditation by Minister for Environment PlasbackTM- used farm plastics Agrecovery Rural Recycling Programme – agrichemical plastic containers, silage wrap, crop protection net and agrichemicals Glass Packaging Scheme Refrigerants Recovery PaintWise Holcim Geocycle - used oil ROSE NZ – used oil http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/waste/product-stewardship/accredited-schemes-in-nz.html

  17. Voluntary Product Stewardship - Australia ChemClear® - crop protection and animal health chemicals www.chemclear.com.au Publishers National Environment Bureau - newsprint www.pneb.com.au FluoroCycle - mercury-containing lamps www.fluorocycle.org.au drumMuster® - used chemical containers www.drummuster.com.au MobileMuster - mobile phones www.mobilemuster.com.au

  18. Australia’s Product Stewardship Act 2011 Framework Criteria for prioritisation: National markets Hazardous substances Business opportunities Consumer willingness to pay Significant costs associated with end-of-life management Material conservation and resource recovery, and associated benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions $147 million net savings

  19. Australia’s TV & Computer Recycling Scheme • Liable parties • Co-regulatory arrangements • approved by the Minister (or delegate) • achieve outcomes, specified in the Regulations, on behalf of • liable parties • Reasonable access to collections by December 2013 • Annual recycling targets • 30% in 2012-13 rising to 80% in 2021-22 • Material recovery target takes effect FY2014-15 • 90% of the weight of material recycled in a financial year is • sent for further processing into useable materials

  20. Sustainability Victoria Efforts on Batteries and Paint

  21. Trends to Consider • Expanded range of products • within electronics – e.g., in British Columbia • beyond electronics • Consolidated collections • simplified education • potential economies of scale • Collaborative multi-stakeholder approaches • greater engagement of local governments • Partnership for Action on Computing Equipment (PACE), a Basel Convention partnership with industry, NGOs and other stakeholders • Sustainability Victoria efforts on batteries and paint

  22. Importance of Responsible Recycling • Legal prosecution • Health and safety of workers and general public • Environmental damage from spills or accidents • Arrangements could lose approvals • Reputational damage

  23. Importance of Responsible Recycling - 2

  24. International Product Stewardship Summit: Some Relevant Findings Product stewardship has moved beyond traditional end-of-life emphasis to encompass broader sustainability. Industry leaders will accept the full costs of product stewardship, provided they are paying the right costs. The caveat: businesses want greater program control and the flexibility to reduce costs. Issues Paper available at http://www.globalpsc.net/international-product-stewardship-summit-issues-paper/

  25. Lessons • Wide variety of models are available for Australia to consider • Regulatory threats and fees have been used heavily in Europe but have delivered results • North America - more voluntary & co-regulatory approaches • Need national consistency with flexibility to adapt over time • It is almost irrelevant whether a product stewardship program is voluntary, co-regulatory or regulatory, as long as: • Ongoing consumer education • Convenient access to collection facilities • Verifiable performance reporting • Producer responsibility for operating and financing • Minimising free riders

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