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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures (solutions). a solution is a solute that is dissolved in a solvent an aqueous solution is a solute that is dissolved in a water. Parts of a Solution.

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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures

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  1. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures

  2. Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) • a solution is a solute that is dissolved in a solvent • an aqueous solution is a solute that is dissolved in a water

  3. Parts of a Solution • solute – the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount) • solvent – the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount) • solute + solvent = solution

  4. most ionic compounds (+/-) and polar covalent molecules (+/-) dissolve readily in water (+/-) (“like disolves like”) • solvation: ions (+/-) break away (dissociate) from the crystal and surrounded by water molecules (+/-) • nonpolar covalent molecules (Ø) such as oil, grease, fuels, do NOT dissociate in water (+/-)

  5. Electrolytes • because ions (+/-) are in a solution, they can conduct electricity • the electric current can travel on the mobile charges • the more solute dissolved in the solution, the better the conduction of electricity • HCl, MgCl2, and NaCl are strong electrolytes. • they dissociate (break apart) almost completely into ions. • compounds that do not conduct electricity are nonelectrolytes • insoluble molecular compounds (Ø) that do not break apart into ions • many carbon compounds, sugar, alcohol

  6. Electrolytes in the Body • Carry messages to and from the brain as electrical signals • Maintain cellular function with the correct concentrations electrolytes

  7. Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems • suspensions • a mixture from which particle settle out upon standing • particles are larger (1000 nm) that in a solution and cannot stay suspended like they can in a solution (1nm) • examples: flour in water, clay in water

  8. colloids • particles (1nm-1000nm)do not settle out and therefore have cloudy appearance if concentrated • examples: glue, gelatin, paint, smoke • particles will scatter light which is called the Tyndall effect

  9. under a microscope, can see the movement of the particles (Brownian motion) • these collisions prevent the particles from settling http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/nickpower/web-content/pmkscience.jpg&imgrefurl=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/nickpower/web-content/chempmf.html&usg=__cs0ZXoClwOslcgDq4pzTBp36Rsk=&h=240&w=300&sz=22&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=NokxbmlM2Sy2hM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrownian%2Bmotion%2Banimation%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4SUNA_enUS316US316%26um%3D1 http://www.inventioneeringco.com/commentary-files/brownian_motion.swf http://video.google.com/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&rlz=1T4SUNA_enUS316US316&q=brownian%20motion&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wv#

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