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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. The vi Editor. Topics. About vi Getting Started: Creating and Editing Introduction to vi Features Command Mode – Moving the Cursor Changing text. Topics. Searching & Substituting for a String Miscellaneous Commands Yank Put and Delete Reading and Writing Files

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 The vi Editor

  2. Topics • About vi • Getting Started: Creating and Editing • Introduction to vi Features • Command Mode – • Moving the Cursor • Changing text

  3. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  4. About vi • Started out as ed • Line editor – processes commands against a single line • Displays only 1 line at a time • Cumbersome and awkward to use

  5. About vi • Next out as ex • Line editor – similar to ed • Added vi mode – visual mode • Displayed full screen of data • Provided Additional functionality

  6. About vi • Today vi • Many variations • LINUX uses vim • vi has different options than vim • Extremely Powerful • Complex command structure • Works when all else fails

  7. Topics • About vi • Getting Started: Creating and Editing • Introduction to vi Features • Command Mode – • Moving the Cursor • Changing text

  8. Getting Started • Specifying a terminal • Normally system will assign terminal attributes • vi takes advantage of terminal capabilities • Smart vs Dumb

  9. Getting Started • An editing session • Start vi by typing …$ vi someNewFileName • vi presents a screen identifying this as a new file.

  10. ~ are used as place holder Indicates file being created

  11. Getting Started • An editing session • vi has two mode • Command • Input • Default is Command Mode • Quit vi without saving by typing in command mode :q!

  12. The : sets last line mode The q! says to quit immediately

  13. Getting Started • Command Mode • Executes commands based on the keys pressed. • Commands (case sensitive) • Cursor movement • Change or Delete existing text • Switch to input mode

  14. Getting Started • Command Mode • Switching to input mode • i – insert before cursor • I – insert at beginning of line • a – append after cursor • A – append at end of line • o – open line below cursor • O – open line above cursor

  15. Getting Started • Input Mode • Anything you type is stored in the file buffer and echoed back to the terminal. • Navigation may be available through the arrow keys depending on your terminal

  16. Getting Started • Input Mode • The terminal control keys can be used in input mode to navigate. • Cntl+W, Cntl+H, Cntl+U • Limited control

  17. Getting Started • Input Mode • Trouble Getting around?Go back to command mode. It’s easy • Press ESCape key • If already in command mode terminal will beep/click/flash or otherwise complain

  18. Getting Started • Command mode Navigation • Arrow key will move Keyboard – Move left one character – Move right one character – Move down one line – Move up one line h l j k

  19. Getting Started • Command Mode • Deleting Text • dd – delete one line at cursor • d – delete two lines at cursor • dw – delete word to the right of cursor • Oops-- • Undo last action – u

  20. Getting Started • I Quit !!!! • ZZ – writes the file and exits • :q! – exit Now! No save

  21. Topics • About vi • Getting Started: Creating and Editing • Introduction to vi Features • Command Mode – • Moving the Cursor • Changing text

  22. Introduction to vi Features • Simple Online Help • :help • Similar to info or man for vim • Tutorial • vimtutor

  23. Introduction to vi Features • The five faces of vi • ex – command mode • ex – input mode • vi – is a mode of the ex editor • Command mode • Input mode • Last line mode

  24. Introduction to vi Features • The vi display • The status line • Error messages • File status (read-only) • Special characters • ~ - Identifies un-used area

  25. Introduction to vi Features • The vi display • If the terminal becomes unreadable due to scrolling or messages from others • Use the re-draw function Cntl+L Clears screen and re-paints buffer

  26. Introduction to vi Features • Correcting Text as you type • Back-space to the area you want and change the input mode to replace (Shift R) • Remember commands are case sensitive!

  27. Introduction to vi Features • The Work Buffer • Allocated when vi is started • Changes are made to the buffer • Overlays the file when saved • Use view for read-only files

  28. Introduction to vi Features • Line Length & File Size • Maximum line length is limited to the size of memory • Maximum file size is limited to the available drive space

  29. Introduction to vi Features • Split Screens • :vi – can support multiple split screens • Switching between screens • Cntl+W • :e

  30. Introduction to vi Features • Split Screens can be manipulated to the foreground or background • :bg – send to background • :fg – rotate to foreground • :display s – display all screens in background

  31. Introduction to vi Features • File Locking • When vi opens a file it locks it • Other vi sessions will allow others to onlyread the original file. • How does it do that?

  32. Introduction to vi Features • The same way it can recover an aborted editing session. • Creates a .swpfile which can be used to re-cover some or all of the previous editing session • vi –r filename

  33. Topics • About vi • Getting Started: Creating and Editing • Introduction to vi Features • Command Mode – • Moving the Cursor • Changing text

  34. Cmnd Mode - Moving the Cursor • For one line only • fchr– find next character • Fchr– find previous character • W – cursor to next word • B – cursor to previous word

  35. Cmnd Mode - Moving the Cursor • )– go to end of sentence • (– go to beginning of sentence • }– go to next paragraph mark • {– go to prev. paragraph mark

  36. Cmnd Mode - Moving the Cursor !# • Hey! BUDF Cntl yourself • Cntl+B – Back 1 screen • Cntl+U – Up ½ screen • Cntl+D – Down ½ screen • Cntl+F – Forward 1 screen

  37. Cmnd Mode – Changing • Change command • c3w – Change from cursor to end of 3rd word • Deletes 3 words right of cursor • Sets insert mode

  38. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  39. Search & Substitution • Search Command syntax • /expr.– find the next whatever • ^– Beginning of line • $– End of line • •– Any character • \< – Beginning of word • \> – End of word • [] – Character class definition

  40. Search & Substitution • Substitute Command syntax • :addr expr. s/search /replace /options • addr expr. • Starting line , ending line • 1 – first line of file • • – current line of file • $– Last line of file

  41. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  42. Join the party • Miscellenous • J –Joins 1 or more lines into one by removing the newline characters • Cntl+G – Re-displays the status line • •(period) – repeats the last command

  43. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  44. Put that Yank in the Delete Bin • The General Purpose Buffer • P or p – copy text from GP buffer to Work Buffer • Y or y – Yank (copy) into GP buffer • D or d – Delete from Work Buffer insert into GP buffer • There are 26 Additional “named” buffers. (“a – “z )

  45. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  46. Read ing, Write ing & Rithmatic • Read command will copy files into the addressed line of the Work Buffer. • :addr expr. r filename • Write command will write all or part of the Work Buffer to a file. • :addr expr. w filename • :addr expr. w! filename • :addr expr. w>> filename

  47. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  48. Setting Parameters • Parameters are used to configure vi at start-up. • These can be set or reset at the command line. Or in lastline command mode. • Common Parameters • (no)number, wrapmargin, (no)showmode, (no)flash, (no)ignorecase,

  49. Topics • Searching & Substituting for a String • Miscellaneous Commands • Yank Put and Delete • Reading and Writing Files • Setting Parameters • Advanced Editing Techniques

  50. Advanced commands • I’ll Edit one more for the road • :e filename • Edits the new file if current buffer is unchanged • :e! filename • Edits the new file even if current buffer has changed • Preserves the named buffers

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